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Bryophytes

Bryophytes. Biology 11 Mr. Wolfe. Nonvascular plants. No vascular tissue Vascular = small vessel Pertains to any plant tissue or region consisting of or giving rise to conducting tissue (i.e. xylem, phloem, or cambium All Bryophytes are severely restricted in their size and habitat

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Bryophytes

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  1. Bryophytes Biology 11 Mr. Wolfe

  2. Nonvascular plants • No vascular tissue • Vascular = small vessel • Pertains to any plant tissue or region consisting of or giving rise to conducting tissue (i.e. xylem, phloem, or cambium • All Bryophytes are severely restricted in their size and habitat • All Bryophytes have: • Flagellated sperm • An alternation of generations life cycle

  3. Similarities to Algae? • What is the same? • What is different? • Any similarities to other life forms?

  4. Moss create habitat (i.e. peat bog)

  5. Where are local bogs?

  6. Vocabulary list for Bryophytes • Meiosis and Mitosis • Haploid and Diploid • Gametophyte and Gamete • Sperm and Egg • Zygote • Sporophyte and Sporangium • Elators and Spores • Capsule and Operculum and Peristome Teeth • Asexual reproduction and Sexual reproduction • Thallus, Protonema and Rhizoids • Gemmae Cups • Antheridium andArchegonium • Epidermis and Vascular tissue

  7. Taxonomic Class notes Phylum Bryophyta • Class Bryopsida(true mosses) • Subclass Bryidae • Subclass Buxbaumiidae • Subclass Dicranidae • Subclass Disphysciidae • Subclass Funariidae • Subclass Timmiidae • Class Tetraphidopsida (4-toothed) • Class Polytrichopsida (hair-cap) • Class Oedopodiopsida • Class Andreaeopsida(valved) • Class Andreaeobryopsida • Class Sphagnopsida (peat) • Class Takakiopsida (puzzle)

  8. Taxonomic Class notes • The Liverworts or Hepatics • Phylum Marchantiophyta • Class Jungermanniopsida (scale-mosses) • Subclass Jungermanniidae (leafy) • Subclass Metzgeriidae (multiform thallose) • Subclass Pelliidae • Class Marchantiopsida (chambered thallose) • Subclass Marchantiidae • Class Haplomitriopsida • Subclass Haplomitriidae

  9. Taxonomic Class notes • The Hornworts • Phylum Anthocerotophyta

  10. Moss distribution in BC • Throughout BC • Coastal and Interior Humid Forest • Calcium-rich substrata • Widespread, but not NW Boreal region • Coastal region • Semi-arid Interior • Northern BC

  11. Moss habitats in BC • Rock surfaces, subject to drying • Rock surfaces, subject to splashing • Ledges and crevices of cliffs • Dry, sunny, exposed sites on soil • Shaded forest floor • Wet swamps or bogs • Disturbed areas (i.e. roadside, sand) • On garden soil of shady sites • Lawns • On mortar, between bricks and concrete • Tree trunks - Epiphytic habitats • On root systems and sterile soil of fallen trees • On rotten stumps and logs • Open tundra

  12. Sphagnum spp. notes • 14 of the 40 species in the Richmond Nature Park are Sphagnum species • Living plants are only a few cm. tall. Remain connected to non-living parts: 100s of yrs old, metresbelowground • They are the peat moss of wetlands that develop under cool, wet climatic conditions with rainwater • Form extensive ‘quaking carpets’ • Some are aquatic and float in marginal water • They absorb chemical substances and leave the surrounding water more acidic then they found it • Acidic water inhibits decay and permits few associations (i.e. relations with lodgepole pines) • Nearly all have identical sporophyte capsules • Operculum (lid) opens with implosive mechanism

  13. City Mosses • Notes from the chapter reading of “Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Moss” by Robin Wall Kimmerer

  14. Contents for the next project: Bryophytes Brochure • Taxonomy • Morphology / Anatomy • Life History / Life Cycles • Reproduction / Growth • Communities / Ecosystems • Photosynthesis • Nutrient-Uptake Requirements • Temperature and Salinity • Pollution and Habitat loss • Cultivation and Grocery Store Botany

  15. Lifecycle for Moss

  16. Moss Sporophytes

  17. Peristome Teeth • Usually composed of cell wall remnants, • They respond to changes in the humidity of the atmosphere. • Under conditions of low humidity, the teeth dry out • and splay away from the mouth of the capsule, • thus, allowing the 50,000 spores within to be gradually released.

  18. Moss use Gemmae on the apex of their leaves • Gemma are a small mass of cells • They fall off readily and grow into a new leafy gametophyte if they land in a suitable environment

  19. Reproduction with a gemma cup A form of asexual reproduction in chambered hepatics Loose gemmae are dispersed when raindrops slash the cups

  20. Most Hepatics and Hornworts have Sporophytes with Elators mixed among the Spores to improve dispersion Elators are elongate sterile cells

  21. Burning Peatlands?Carbon Dioxide and Methane • The main forms of carbon in a peatland are CO2, CH4, and organic carbon held by the plants and peat. • CO2 is taken into produce sugars (food) • When plants die they produce CO2+CH4 • A waterlogged environment releases slowly • Peatlands (wetlands & bogs) are carbon sinks • Burns Bog accounts for 6-12% of GHG storage per year for BC • Drainage and fires turn these into carbon sources!!! Not a good result.

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