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Bryophytes

Bryophytes. AP Biology 7 th Hour. Atrichum undulatum. Roles. Product Representative Tyler Wells Text Research Vance Beiser Image Research Drew Pragman Technical Support Michael Norris. Background. Phylum name Bryophytes Origin Devonian period of the Paleozoic era

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Bryophytes

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  1. Bryophytes AP Biology 7th Hour Atrichum undulatum

  2. Roles • Product Representative • Tyler Wells • Text Research • Vance Beiser • Image Research • Drew Pragman • Technical Support • Michael Norris

  3. Background • Phylum name • Bryophytes • Origin • Devonian period of the Paleozoic era • 360-410 million years ago Dicranum tauricum

  4. Where is it found? • Biomes • Backyard • Rain Forests • Desert • Antarctica • Microhabitat • Moist shady areas • Bases of trees • Near Water • Locations with clean air

  5. Development of mature sporophyte (still attached to gametophyte) Zygote Diploid Stage Fertilization Meiosis Haploid Stage Spores released male gametophyte tip Sperm Male gametophyte female gametophyte tip Female gametophyte Egg Moss Life Cycle

  6. Peat Moss Morphology Head- branches bud and develop around the apical cell at the center of the head. Stem and Branches- the branches grow in bundles, and they anchor the moss to the growing surface. Because of the close proximity of the branches, water is conducted easily. Mosses do not have any roots because they lack internal systems for fluid transportation.

  7. Fertilization • Mosses are able to reproduce sexually and asexually. • Sexual Reproduction- mosses produce sexual structure known as archegonium (female) and antheridium (male) on various parts of the plant. Antherozoids are released from the male and are chemically attracted to the archegonium structure on the female. Fertilization occurs and a zygote is formed. • Asexual Reproduction- in some cases, bits of a stem or even a leaf are accidentally broken off. These bits can regenerate to form a new plant. Antheridia surrounded by leaves

  8. Dependency • Gametophyte is the dominant generation. The sporophyte is dependant on the gametophyte. • The sporophyte is smaller than and attached to the gametophyte and depends on the gametophyte for food (the gametophyte is photosynthetic) Sporophyte and Gametophyte

  9. Species Sporophytes of wall-screw moss (Tortula Muralis) Peat Moss (Sphagnum) Dry Rock Moss (Grimmia Pulvinata)

  10. Grimmia Pulvinata- Habitat • The Grimmia Pulvinata can usually be spotted in urban areasbecause of its preference for concrete and rock surfaces. • Usually grows in a dense cushion about 3 cm high on these surfaces.

  11. Moss Diversity • There are approximately 12,000 species classified in the Bryophyta. This includes species of moss, liverworts, and hornworts. • Bryophyta has an extremely diverse range of habitats. They can be found all over the world in both urban and uncivilized areas, but they prefer dark, damp areas. Hornwort Liverwort

  12. Benefits to Humans • Dried Peat moss is used as a plant growing medium in nurseries. • During World War II, nurses used Sphagnum mosses to dress wounds. The moss is very absorbent and has antibacterial properties. • Moss is used in many home gardens, and is used as a Christmas decoration in Mexico.

  13. Bibliography • Bae. (November 12, 2006). Mosses. Retrieved April 8, 2009 from Biology 321 Course Website. http://www.botany.ubc.ca/bryophyte/index.html. • Betley, . (November 14, 2008). . Retrieved April 14, 2009 from Sporofity. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mech_plonnik_mlode_sporofity.jpg. • Massengale , C. Mosses and Ferns. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from Biology Junction. http://www.biologyjunction.com/moss__fern_notes_b1.htm. • Starr. (2003.) "Plants." Biology: Concepts and Applications. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. • Temsch, M. (September 14,2003). Morphology. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from Sphangnum. http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/~temsch/genetic.html • (December 5, 2000). Moss Reproduction. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from The Hidden Forest. http://www.hiddenforest.co.nz/bryophytes/mosses/reproduction.htm. • (September 6, 2008). . Retrieved April 14, 2009 from UBC Botanical Garden. http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/sphagnum_squarrosum.jpg.

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