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Urinary System

Urinary System. Function of the urinary system. The urinary system removes certain salts and nitrogenous wastes Also helps maintain the normal concentrations of water and electrolytes within body fluids Regulates the pH and volume of body fluids

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System

  2. Function of the urinary system • The urinary system removes certain salts and nitrogenous wastes • Also helps maintain the normal concentrations of water and electrolytes within body fluids • Regulates the pH and volume of body fluids • Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure

  3. urinary system Pic

  4. Anatomy of the major organs functions and locations A pair of kidneys which remove substances from blood, form urine and help regulate certain metabolic processes, located high on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity • 1. Renal pyramid2. Interlobular artery3. Renal artery4. Renal vein5. Renal hilum6. Renal pelvis7. Ureter8. Minor calyx9. Renal capsule10. Inferior renal capsule11. Superior renal capsule12. interlobular vein13. cortical nephron (in cortex)14. Minor calyx15. Major calyx16. Renal papilla17. Renal column

  5. Anatomy of the major organs functions and locations cont.... • A pair of tubular ureters, which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder • A saclike urinary bladder which stores urine, located in the pelvis • Tubular urethra which conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Kidney Vein Artery Ureter Bladder Sphincter Urethra

  6. Pathway of blood within a kidney 1.Blood flows through renal artery 2. Interlobar arteries 3. Arcuate arteries 4. Interlobular arteries 5. Afferent arterioles 6. Glomerulus 7. Efferent arterioles 8. Peritubular capillaries Kidney path

  7. Nephron • Nephron-Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood, consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule • Renal Corpuscle- Filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons, functional units of the kidney. • Renal Tubule- The part of a nephron that leads away from a glomerulus, causes reabsorption and secretion. • The difference between the two is the corpuscle is used for filtration while the tubule is used for reabsorption and secreting waste away.

  8. Nephron

  9. Urine Formation in the nephron Urine

  10. urine composition • Urine is composed mostly of water containing organic wastes as well as some salts. • The composition of urine can vary according to diet, time of day, and diseases. • In one measure, the make-up of urine is 95 percent water and 5 percent solids. • Urine contains the positive ions sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, as well as the negative ions chlorides, sulfates, phosphates.

  11. Outside Influences: Stuff you take can change the color of your urine. For instance, some medications, laxatives, chemotherapy drugs and dyes doctors give you to diagnose urinary tract infections can make your urine darker than normal. The Invisible World Of Urine: You can tell a lot from looking at your urine. But you can tell a lot more from the kind of sophisticated urinalysis you should be getting along with a regular physical examination from your doctor. Blood in the urine, a serious sign, is often invisible to the naked eye. The level of sugars in your urine may indicate a risk for diabetes. When you’re at your doctor’s office, don’t be afraid to pee in the cup. It’s one of the best things you can do for your health. Pic

  12. Source of Urea and Uric Acid • Urea- a by-product of amino acid catabolism or breakdown. Consequently, its plasma concentration reflects the amount of protein in the diet. It enters the renal tubule by filtration, about 50% is reabsorbed, and the remainder goes to urine. • Uric Acid- a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines which are found in some foods and drinks.Most uric acid dissolves in blood and travels to the kidneys. From there, it passes out in urine. If your body produces too much uric acid or doesn't remove enough if it, you can get sick. A high level of uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia or gout.

  13. Process of Urine Elimination • Ureter- Extends from the kidneys to carry urine to the bladder • Bladder- expandable structure that stores urine before it is eliminated. detruser muscles attach to the bladder and sphincter to control urination • Micturition reflex- the neurological pathways involved in controlling the release of urine from the bladder • Urethra- the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body

  14. Fun Facts • Gout is caused from crystals of uric acid deposited in the joints and other tissues • Urine produced is usually between 0.9 and 2.5 liters per day. • Kidney stones are composed of uric acid, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. • A kidney contains 1million nephrons • Diuretic- any substance that increases urine production • Uric acid is the cause of the smell of urine • Ureters are 10-12 inches long which connect kidneys to bladder

  15. Cites • http://www.livescience.com/27012-urinary-system.html • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_pathway_of_blood_through_the_kidneys • Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology • http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3/assets/images/abm2s3_1.jpg

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