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PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES. TREATMENT. PSYCHOTHERAPY. USE LANGUAGE (TALK) TO HEAL SUFFERING FOCUS ON BIOGRAPHY INVOLVE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATIENT AND THERAPIST. PSYCHOTHERAPY. COME TO UNDERSTAND UNDERLYING CAUSES MAKE UNCONSCIOUS CONSCIOUS OVERCOME RESISTANCE OF PATIENT.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

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  1. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

  2. TREATMENT

  3. PSYCHOTHERAPY • USE LANGUAGE (TALK) TO HEAL SUFFERING • FOCUS ON BIOGRAPHY • INVOLVE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATIENT AND THERAPIST

  4. PSYCHOTHERAPY • COME TO UNDERSTAND UNDERLYING CAUSES • MAKE UNCONSCIOUS CONSCIOUS • OVERCOME RESISTANCE OF PATIENT

  5. THERAPY (CONT.) • SUSPENSION OF NORMS • FREE ASSOCIATION • DREAM ANALYSIS • TRANSFERENCE

  6. THERAPY (CONT.) • VERY LONG AND INTENSIVE • CATHARSIS • PERSONAL QUALITIES OF THERAPIST VERY IMPORTANT

  7. PERSONAL QUALITIES • A respectful and interested way of listening, a readily felt trustworthiness, a compassionate and sympathetic response to those who suffer, a capacity for arousing and sustaining hope, and a calm response to disturbing or frightening clinical states.

  8. STRENGTHS OF PSYCHODYNAMIC • DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECT • PEOPLE ARE OFTEN IRRATIONAL • IMPACT ON CHILD REARING AND SEXUALITY • IMPACT ON ART AND LITERATURE

  9. WEAKNESSES • UNSCIENTIFIC - UNOBSERVABLE AND UNFALSIFIABLE • OVEREMPHASIZES EARLY CHILDHOOD, UNDEREMPHASIZES ADAPTABILITY • RESISTANCE TO MEDICATIONS • HISTORICALLY AND CULTURALLY SPECIFIC

  10. WEAKNESSES OF THERAPY • HOW EVALUATE SUCCESS? • NO NEED BEFORE 1970’S • FUNDERS WANT EVIDENCE – PLACEBO EFFECT? CONTROL GROUP? IMPROVE ANYWAY? BETTER THAN OTHERS? • LITTLE EVIDENCE OF SUCCESS OF ANY PARTICULAR TECHNIQUE

  11. WEAKNESSES • IMPRACTICAL – LONG AND EXPENSIVE • CULTURALLY-SPECIFIC • DOESN’T WORK WITH MOST SERIOUSLY ILL

  12. DECLINE OF DYNAMIC THEORY – 1970’S TO PRESENT • CONFLICT WITH SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL NORMS • CONFLICT WITH INSURANCE NEEDS TO MEASURE DISEASES AND CURES • RISE OF MANAGED CARE • CONFLICT WITH RISE OF DRUGS • COULDN’T TREAT SERIOUSLY ILL

  13. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY • NO SINGLE THEORY BUT ECLECTIC

  14. COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL • EMPHASIS ON THOUGHTS • EMPHASIS ON CURRENT PERCEPTIONS • CHANGE WAYS PERSONS THINKS ABOUT SELF AND WORLD • SPECIFIC, DIRECTIVE, AND SHORT THERAPIES • CAN BE STANDARDIZED

  15. COGNITIVE • MOST USED IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY • EFFECTIVE, AT LEAST IN SHORT RUN • CHEAPER AND MORE EFFICIENT THAN DYNAMIC • LESS DEPENDENT ON PERSONAL QUALITIES OF THERAPIST • WEAKNESS IS WHEN THOUGHTS ARE ACCURATE

  16. FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY • VIEW SYMPTOMS IN RELATIONSHIP TO FAMILY SYSTEM • SYMPTOMS TO MAINTAIN FAMILY EQUILIBRIUM • MUST CHANGE FAMILY DYNAMICS, NOT JUST INDIVIDUAL PATIENT • TREAT FAMILY, NOT INDIVIDUAL

  17. HUMANISTIC • FOCUS ON TOTAL EXPERIENCES OF INDIVIDUAL - BROAD HUMAN PROBLEMS • MEANING, DEATH, FULFILLMENT • OVERLY GENERAL AND DIFFUSE • NOT REIMBURSED – NO SPECIFIC ILLNESS • NOT WIDELY USED

  18. SUMMARY • MANY DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES • MOST FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY • CHANGE EFFORTS FOCUS ON CHANGING PERSONALITY • PERSONAL QUALITIES OF THERAPIST MOST IMPORTANT • NOW LARGELY REPLACED BY BIOLOGICAL

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