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Cranes

Cranes. Pre-operational site activity and inspection. Review the site for possible hazards: Overhead lines Unstable soil High wind conditions Other work activities in the area. 1a. Pre-operational site activity and inspection. Characteristics of the load: Hazardous or toxic materials

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Cranes

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  1. Cranes

  2. Pre-operational site activity and inspection • Review the site for possible hazards: • Overhead lines • Unstable soil • High wind conditions • Other work activities in the area 1a

  3. Pre-operational site activity and inspection • Characteristics of the load: • Hazardous or toxic materials • Weight • Dimensions • Center of gravity 1b

  4. Pre-operational site activity and inspection • Rigging sketches and information: • Lift points • Methods of attachment • Sling angles • Load vectors 1c

  5. Pre-operational site activity and inspection • Rigging sketches and information: • Broom and swing angles • Crane orientations • Rated capacities • Other factors affecting equipment operation 1d

  6. Pre-operational site activity and inspection • Operating procedures: • Step-by-step instructions • Applicable rigging precautions • Safety measures • Emergency procedures 1e

  7. Pre-operational site activity and inspection • Additions and modifications to equipment: • Tags, instruction plates, decals reflect to modifications • Ensure safety factor has not been reduced by additions/modifications 1f

  8. Types of inspections and checks • Frequent inspections occur every day • Periodic inspections occur monthly • Depend upon regulation and equipment involved 2a

  9. Frequent inspections • Daily pre-operational walk-around or pre-startup check • Exposed moving parts should be guarded/isolated • High voltage warning signs are displayed 3a

  10. Frequent inspections • Crane components • Wire ropes • Freedom of rotation of all swivels • Tires 3b

  11. Frequent inspections • Batteries • Proper lubrication • Fluid leaks • Heaves, drums, rigging, hardware, attachments 3c

  12. Frequent inspections • Operating mechanisms • Guardrails, handholds, steps • Platforms/walkways • Turntable connections 3d

  13. Frequent inspections • Boom and jib • Look for straightness/damage • Corrosion • Cracking/peeling paint • Bent lacing 3e

  14. Frequent inspections • Outriggers • Distortion/cracking • Welds • Extension/retraction of beams • Floats 3f

  15. Frequent inspections: Pre-startup • Cab • Cleanliness of cab • Control labeling • Function of gauges, lights, signals • Service/parking brake • Seat and cab door operation • Inspection and maintenance records 3g

  16. Frequent inspections: Pre-startup • Fire extinguisher • Accessibility of fire extinguisher • Rating of extinguisher – 5BC or higher • One extinguisher at each operator station 3h

  17. Frequent inspections: Pre-startup • Field of vision • Broken/cracked windows • Adjustment/operation of brakes/clutches • Operation/calibration of boom hoist lockout • Gauges and warning lights • Controls 3i

  18. Periodic inspections • Performed monthly and/or annually • Inspection varies depending on crane use and site conditions 4a

  19. Periodic inspections • Maintain records on: • brakes • crane hooks • hoist chains • ropes 4b

  20. Periodic inspections • Inspection records must include the: • date of the inspection • signature of the inspector • serial number of critical component 4c

  21. Periodic inspections - check for: • Structural damage • Cracks in welded connections • Damage or defects of sheaves 4d

  22. Periodic inspections - check for: • Main hoist and auxiliary drum damage/defects • Even distribution of the wire rope on hoist drum • Proper wire rope integrity 4e

  23. Periodic inspections - check for: • Excessive wear of brake and clutch parts • Worn, cracked, distorted parts • Defects/damage to the main boom, jib, boom extensions 4f

  24. Periodic inspections - check for: • Repairs that meet manufacturer’s specifications • Defects/damage of the load hooks/hook block 4g

  25. Periodic inspections - check for: • Excessive wear of the drive sprockets/chain stretch • Positive stops on jibs • Deterioration of hydraulic components • Stamps of working pressure on flexible hoses 4h

  26. Periodic inspections - check for: • Defects/damage to the turntable • Permanent/legible ID numbers • Securing/locking of counterweight • Easy access to the cab 4i

  27. Periodic inspections - check for: • Proper function of boom stops, hoist disconnects, boom angle indicator, jib stops • Proper operation of power plants • Proper functioning of all other operating mechanisms 4j

  28. Periodic inspections • Do not use damaged/unsafe equipment until repairs have been made 4k

  29. Maintenance procedures • Preventive maintenance keeps cranes in good operating condition • Follow the company’s preventive maintenance program 5a

  30. Maintenance procedures - precautions: • Move the crane where it will create minimum interference with other cranes • Turn all controls to the “off” position • Lock the main/emergency switch in the “off” position 5b

  31. Maintenance procedures - precautions: • Place “Out of order” signs on the crane • Provide rail stops • Ensure guards are reinstalled after maintenance 5c

  32. Maintenance procedures - precautions: • Only designated personnel can perform repairs 5d

  33. Maintenance procedures - precautions: • Some components must be regularly adjusted to maintain proper operation • Limit switches • Control systems • Brakes • Power plants 5e

  34. Hazard of overhead lines • Maintain appropriate line clearance • Direct contact • Indirect contact 6a

  35. Hazard of overhead lines • Preferred methods of safety around overhead lines include: • de-energizing and grounding all electrical lines • erecting insulating barriers 6b

  36. Hazard of overhead lines • Voltages 50 kv or less, the clearance distance is 10 feet • Voltages greater than 50kv, the clearance is 10 feet plus 4 inches for every 10 kv over 50 kv 6c

  37. Hazard of overhead lines • When the vehicle is in transit, and the structure is lowered: • the clearance distance is 4 feet for 50 kv or less; or • 4 feet plus 4 inches for every 10 kv over 50 kv for voltage greater than 50 kv 6d

  38. Hazard of overhead lines • Use signalmen to assist in maintaining proper clearances where vision is obstructed • Hand signals • Chart of hand signals 6e

  39. Hazard of overhead lines • Use nonconductive tag lines to stabilize the load • Use insulating boots and gloves 6f

  40. Operating rules • Post operating rules near the following types of cranes: • Stationary • Overhead • Gantry 7a

  41. General safety rules • Avoid carrying loads over people • Don’t allow anyone to ride on the hook • Don’t walk away from a crane with a suspended load 8a

  42. General safety rules • Move loads slowly; avoid sudden movements • Never carry items in your hand while climbing a ladder • Store clothing/equipment so as not to interfere with crane operation 8b

  43. Prohibited actions • Do not exceed load ratings • Do not change the recommended counterweights • Do not lift an unsecured/unbalanced load 9a

  44. Prohibited actions • Do not lift two separately rigged loads at the same time • Do not wrap tag lines around one’s body 9b

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