The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

1. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

2. Unit XXIIITwentieth-Century Nationalism “The art of music above all other arts is the expression of the soul of a nation. The composer must love the tunes of his country and they must become an integral part of him.” —Ralph Vaughan Williams The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

3. 65. The European Tradition • Traditional music approached scientifically • Seeking authenticity The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

4. National Schools French: Les Six Satie Milhaud Honegger Tailleferre Poulenc Auric The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

5. National Schools Russian: Rachmaninoff Scriabin Shostakovich Prokofiev Khachaturian Prokofiev: Op 25, III The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

6. National Schools English: Elgar Delius Vaughan Williams Britten The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

7. National Schools German: Hindemith Orff Weill The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

8. National Schools Hungarian: Bartók Kodály The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

9. National Schools Czech: Janáček The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

10. National Schools Nordic: Sibelius Sibelius: Finlandia The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

11. National Schools Spanish: de Falla The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

12. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

13. 68. Béla Bartók and the European Tradition • Béla Bartók (1881-1945) • Hungarian composer • Hungarian music vs. music of Romany (Gypsies) • Studied folklore • Emigrated to the U.S. in 1940 • Leukemia • ASCAP • Died in New York City at 64 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

14. Bartók’s Music • Logic and beauty of Classical form • Musical language based on Eastern European traditional music • New scales, polytonal harmonic language • “Tyrannical rule of the major and minor keys” • Rhythmic innovator, changing meters, syncopations The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

15. Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra (Listening Guide) • Boston Symphony Orchestra • Five movements • I: Introduction, sonata-allegro, pentatonic scale • II: Game of Pairs, pairs of winds • III: Elegia, nocturne • IV: Interrupted Intermezzo, theme from Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 7 • V: Sonata-allegro form Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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17. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

18. 69. American Musical Traditions • Popular music in late-nineteenth-century America • Devotional music (spirituals and gospel hymns) • “White spirituals” • Shape-note system • Parlor and minstrel songs of Stephen Foster • Bandmaster John Philip Sousa • Composer/businessman Charles Ives “Armies of men… have turned to a better life by first hearing the sounds of a Salvation Army Band. The next time you hear a Salvation Army Band, no matter how humble, take off your hat.” —John Philip Sousa The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

19. Popular Music in Late 19th-Century America • Devotional music • Shapte-note noation • Stephen Foster • Popular songs • John Philip Sousa • Band, dance and operetta music The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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21. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

22. 70. Nationalism in the Americas • Aaron Copland (1900–1990)American composer • Paris, Nadia Boulanger • Jazz idioms • Neoclassicism and 12-tone composition • Piano pieces, orchestral works, ballets, film scores “I no longer feel the need of seeking out conscious Americanism. Because we live here and work here, we can be certain that when our music is mature it will also be American in quality.” —Aaron Copland The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

23. Copland: Billy the Kid (Listening Guide) • William Bonney • Ballet, later a concert suite • Tunes of Wild West and Mexican dance (jarabe) Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

24. 70. Nationalism in the Americas: Mexico • Mexican culture draws on American Indian, Hispanic and African cultures • Catholic Church powerful since 1519 • Mexican composers of note: • Manuel Ponce • Carlos Chávez • Silvestre Revueltas The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

25. Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940) • Mexican composer • Child prodigy (violin) • Studies in Mexico and the U.S. • Spanish Civil War (Loyalist) • Returned to Mexico in 1937 • Died at age 40 • Music is colorful and folkloric • Mexican provincial sound The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

26. Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940) “There is in me a particular interpretation of nature. Everything is rhythm. …My rhythms are dynamic, sensual, vital; I think in images that meet in melodic lines, always moving dynamically.” —Silvestre Revueltas The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

27. Revueltas: Homenaje a Federico García Lorca (Listening Guide) • Chamber ensemble, small string section I: Baile (Dance), a quick-paced, duple-meter dance II: Duelo (Sorrow), based on a soulful emotional melody III: Son (traditional dance), evocative of mariachi ensemble Rondo-like form, celebrates Lorca’s life in dance Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

28. Mexican Mariachi • Origins in region of Jalisco • Violins, guitar, guittarón, vihuela, trumpets, harps • Son genre combines 3 cultures • Indigenous • European • African The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

29. Son jalisciense: El Cihualteco (Listening Guide) • Syncopated rhythms in melody and harmony • Alternates sung sections with instrumental • Violins and trumpets in parallel thirds • Shifting accents from duple to triple (sesquialtera) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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