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CHAPTER 12

CHAPTER 12. HEART. The HEART. Normal Pathology. NORMAL. Myocardium Blood Supply Valves Aging. PATHOLOGY. Heart Failure Heart Disease. Heart Failure. Hypertrophy: Progression to Failure LEFT RIGHT. Myocardial HYPERTROPHY. LEFT Sided Failure. Lungs Kidney Brain.

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CHAPTER 12

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  1. CHAPTER12 HEART

  2. The HEART • Normal • Pathology

  3. NORMAL • Myocardium • Blood Supply • Valves • Aging

  4. PATHOLOGY • Heart Failure • Heart Disease

  5. Heart Failure • Hypertrophy: Progression to Failure • LEFT • RIGHT

  6. Myocardial HYPERTROPHY

  7. LEFT Sided Failure • Lungs • Kidney • Brain

  8. RIGHT Sided Failure • Liver • Kidneys • Brain • Pleura/Pericardium

  9. HEART DISEASE • CONGENITAL • ISCHEMIC • HYPERTENSIVE • VALVULAR • CARDIOMYOPATHIES • PERICARDIUM • TUMORS

  10. CongenitalHD • Incidence • Etiology • Pathogenesis • Genetics • Clinical Features

  11. CONGENITAL • LR • RL • Obstructive

  12. LEFT  RIGHT SHUNTS • ASD (Atrial) • VSD (Ventricular) • PDA (Patent Ductus) • AVSD (AtrioVentricular)

  13. RIGHT  LEFT SHUNTS • Tetralogy of Fallot • Transposition of Great Vessels • Truncus Arteriosus • Tricuspid Atresia • Total Anomalous Pulmonary Vein Connection

  14. OBSTRUCTIVE CONGENITALANOMALIES • Coarctation of the Aorta • Pulmonary Stenosis and Atresia • Aortic Stenosis and Atresia

  15. ISCHEMIC Heart Disease • Epidemiology • Pathogenesis • ROLE OF: Acute Plaque • ROLE OF: Inflammation • ROLE OF: Thrombus • ROLE OF: Vasoconstriction

  16. ISCHEMIC Heart Disease • ANGINA PECTORIS • MI • CHRONIC DISEASE • SUDDEN DEATH

  17. Angina Pectoris

  18. M.I. • Transmural vs. Subendocardial • Incidence/Risk Factors/Pathogenesis • Coronary Occlusion • Morphology • Reperfusion • Clinical Features • Consequences • Complications

  19. CHRONIC Ischemic Heart Disease

  20. Sudden Cardiac Death

  21. HYPERTENSIVEHeart Disease • LEFT • RIGHT • COR PULMONALE

  22. LEFT

  23. RIGHT

  24. VALVULARHeart Disease • Calcification • Mitral Prolapse • Rheumatic • Infective • NON-Infective • Carcinoid • Complications of Artifical Valves

  25. CALCIFICATION • AORTIC STENOSIS • (Bicuspid) AORTIC STENOSIS • MITRAL CALCIFICATION

  26. “MYXOID” DEGENERATION • MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

  27. ReumaticHD • Morphology • Pathogenesis • Clinical Features

  28. INFECTIVEENDOCARDITIS • Etiology • Pathogenesis • Morphology • Clinical Features

  29. NON-InfectedVegetations • NON-Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis • SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosis) Endocarditis (Libman-Sacks Disease)

  30. CARCINOIDHeart Disease

  31. COMPLICATIONS ofArtificial Valves

  32. CARDIOMYOPATHIES • DILATED • HYPERTROPHIC • RESTRICTIVE • MYOCARDITIS • OTHERS

  33. D-I-L-A-T-E-D • Morphology • Pathogenesis • Clinical Features • Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (Dysplasia)

  34. HYPERTROPHIC • Morphology • Pathogenesis • Clinical Features

  35. RESTRICTIVE

  36. MYOCARDITIS • Etiology • Morphology • Clinical Features

  37. OTHER CARDIOMYOPATHIES • Adriamycin • Catecholamines • Amyloidosis • IRON Overload • Thyroid Disease • HYPER- • HYPO-

  38. PERICARDIALDISEASE • EFFUSION • FLUID • BLOOD (Hemopericardium) • PERICARDITIS • RHEUMATOID

  39. EFFUSION • FLUID • BLOOD

  40. PERICARDITIS • Acute • Serous • Fibrinous • Purulent • Hemorrhagic • Caseous • Chronic (Healed) • Adhesive Mediastinopericarditis • Constrictive

  41. RHEUMATOIDPericardial Disease

  42. TUMORS • MYXOMA • LIPOMA • RHABDOMYOMA • RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

  43. Cardiac Effects ofNON-Cardiac Tumors

  44. CARDIACTRANSPLANTATION

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