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Nutrition / environment related disorders in porcine reproduction: a problem-oriented approach

Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest. Nutrition / environment related disorders in porcine reproduction: a problem-oriented approach . Prof. Gyula Huszenicza DVM, PhD , DSc, Dipl. of ECAR. Reproductive performance. Intended Critical

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Nutrition / environment related disorders in porcine reproduction: a problem-oriented approach

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  1. Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest Nutrition / environment related disorders in porcine reproduction: a problem-oriented approach Prof. Gyula Huszenicza DVM, PhD, DSc, Dipl. of ECAR

  2. Reproductive performance Intended Critical Gilt: agepuberty210 d >220 d Sow: estruspost-weaning4-8 d >12 d Returning to estrus21d 10% >20% Returning to estrus>24 d 3% >6% Abortion 1% >2,5% Misdiagnosed pregnancy 1% >2% Litter size, alive - gilt 9,5-10,0 <9,0 - sow 10,5-11,0 <10,0 Litter size <8 12% >25%

  3. Reproductive performance  Nutrition Intended Critical Gilt: agepuberty 210 d >220 d Sow: estruspost-weaning 4-8 d >12 d Returning to estrus21d 10% >20% Returning to estrus>24 d 3% >6% Abortion 1% >2,5% Misdiagnosed pregnancy 1% >2% Litter size, alive - gilt 9,5-10,0 <9,0 - sow 10,5-11,0 <10,0 Litter size <8 12% >25%

  4. Intended Critical Gilt: agepuberty210 d >220 d Sow: estruspost-weaning 4-8 d >12 d Returning to estrus21d 10% >20% Returning to estrus>24 d 3% >6% Abortion 1% >2,5% Misdiagnosed pregnancy 1% >2% Litter size, alive - gilt 9,5-10,0 <9,0 - sow 10,5-11,0 <10,0 Litter size <8 12% >25%

  5. Gilts: stages of genital maturation Ovarian function: Infantile:no regular follicular growth Juvenile:regular follicular growth, but no ovulation / formation of CL Cyclic:regular follicular growth + ovulation + formation of CL

  6. Gilts: stages of genital maturation Ovarian function: Infantile: no regular follicular growth Juvenile: regular follicular growth, but no ovulation / formation of CL Cyclic:regular follicular growth + ovulation + formation of CL Puberty: process leading to the first ovulation

  7. Gilt: puberty = the 1st estrus; the delayed puberty Body weight (BW) / condition (BC):  115-120 kg Age:6-6.5 months Rearing intensity (at 90 kg BW: backfat-tickness) rearing of breeding gilts finishing gilts (The lack of) stimulattory fac-tors: boar / moderate stress Season: the late summer period

  8. Gilt: puberty = the 1st estrus; the delayed puberty Body weight (BW) / condition (BC):  115-120 kg Age:6-6.5 months Rearing intensity (at 90 kg BW: backfat-tickness) rearing of breeding gilts finishing gilts (The lack of) stimulattory fac-tors: boar / moderate stress Season: the late summer period But: First AI / mating = 3rd estrus / ovulation Age: 210 - 220 day BW: 130 - 150 kg Condition: 18-20 mm (back fat thickness)

  9. Gilt: puberty = the 1st estrus; the delayed puberty Body weight (BW) / condition (BC):  115-120 kg Age:6-6.5 months Rearing intensity(at 90 kg BW: back fat thickness) rearing of breeding gilts finishing gilts (The lack of) stimulatory fac-tors: boar / moderate stress Season: the late summer period

  10. Gilt: puberty = the 1st estrus; the delayed puberty Body weight (BW) / condition (BC):  115-120 kg Age:6-6.5 months Rearing intensity (at 90 kg BW: back fat thickness) rearing of breeding gilts finishing gilts (The lack of) stimulatory fac-tors: boar / estrous animals / moderate stress Season: the late summer period

  11. Gilt: puberty = the 1st estrus; the delayed puberty Body weight (BW) / condition (BC):  115-120 kg Age:6-6.5 months Rearing intensity (at 90 kg BW: back fat thickness) rearing of breeding gilts finishing gilts (The lack of) stimulatory fac-tors: boar / estrous animals / moderate stress Season:the late summer period

  12. Gilt: delayed puberty Prevention / management  Season(Aug. - Sept.)  Boar / estrous animals (smell / pheromones)  Moderate stress(re-grouping)  Nutrition:- Protein / energy flushing - A+E vitamin, folic acid, biotin, Zn  PMSG+hCG:If age: > 210 d BW: > 105 kg

  13. Intended Critical Gilt: agepuberty 210 d >220 d Sow: estruspost-weaning4-8 d >12 d Returning to estrus21d 10% >20% Returning to estrus>24 d 3% >6% Abortion 1% >2,5% Misdiagnosed pregnancy 1% >2% Litter size, alive - gilt 9,5-10,0 <9,0 - sow 10,5-11,0 <10,0 Litter size <8 12% >25%

  14. Sow: genital function during lactation Uterine involution: 21 day Follicular growth / maturation: regular Regulation:(- FSH) - baseline LH - insulin / IGF-I Ovulation: 5 week:   6. week: ???

  15. Weaning Lactation / Suckling Size of follicle (mm) Days before / after weaning

  16. Weaning Lactation / Suckling Size of follicle (mm) Estrus Days before / after weaning

  17. Weaning Anestrus / acyclia Lactation / Suckling Atretic / cystic degeneration Size of follicle (mm) Days before / after weaning

  18. Last 7-8 day pre-weaning: basal LH pulsatility (pulse frequency) insulin IGF-1 Weaning Anestrus / acyclia Lactation / Suckling Atretic / cystic degeneration Size of follicle (mm) Days before / after weaning

  19. 5 mm Bonclelet: 1) Általában NEM ÉRETT TERCIER TÜSZŐ CORPUS ATRETICUM

  20. 1 cm Bonclelet: 2) Ritkábban FOLLICULUS CISZTA

  21. 1 cm Bonclelet: 3) Szórványosan LUTEIN CISZTA

  22. CL 7 mm Bonclelet: 4) Elkülönítendő (nem kóros!) PERZISZTÁLÓ GRAAF TÜSZŐ CL = ovuláció / ciklus bizonyítéka!

  23. Sow: 1st ovulation / estrus after weaning ?

  24. Sow: 1st ovulation / estrus after weaning Farrowing:condition Lactation: changes in BW / condition: - degree - timing Fusarium (T2):(0.25-0,60 mg/kg) Parity (1st vs. more aged) Season(Aug. - Sept.) Stress during lact.

  25. 1. Weaning:days 28 - 35th (inten-sive sys-tems)

  26. Sow: 1st post-weaning ovulation + estrus Progeszteron, nmol/l Weaning (28-35th day)

  27. After weaning: delay in 1st ovulation / estrus Farrowing:BW / condition Lactation: changes (loss) in BW / condition: - degree - timing Fusarium (T2):(0.25-0,60 mg/kg) Parity (1st vs. more aged) Season(Aug. - Sept.) Stress during lactation

  28. Választás előtti utolsó 7-8 nap: LH-alapszekréció (pulzusfrekvencia) inzulin IGF-1

  29. After weaning: delay in 1st ovulation / estrus(> 10 day !!!)

  30. After weaning: delay in 1st ovulation / estrus(> 10 day !!!) Disturbed energy supply Farrowing: condition Lactation: condition loss - degree - schedule Fusarium (T2)(0.25- 0,60 mg/kg) Season (late summer) Weaning

  31. After weaning: delay in 1st ovulation / estrus(> 10 day !!!) Parameter of BC in sow: backfat (BF) thickness 1 mm BF = 3 kg body fat Optimal BC at farrowing:BF = 20 mm If during lactation: ad libitum feeding (energy demand / sow:  45 MJ DE / day) If sow is more obese: dry matter intake during lactation  BW   weaning to ovulation interval:

  32. After weaning: delay in 1st ovulation / estrus(> 10 day !!!) Energy demand during lactation :  45 MJ DE / day The first parity sow Additional factors: - protein / amino acids (lizine)  - Fusarium (T2) toxin  energy utilisation - certain additives (biotin, Zn) 

  33. After weaning: 1st ovulation / estrus Follic. growth / matur.: 1. FSH / inhibin 2. Baseline LH secretion 3. IGF-I / Insulin / Leptin

  34. Post-weaning progesterone profiles: estrus > 10 day !!! Disturbed energy supply Farrowing: condition Lactation: condition loss - degree - schedule Fusarium (T2)(0.25- 0,60 mg/kg) Season(late summer) Weaning

  35. Post-weaning progesterone profiles: estrus > 10 day !!! Disturbed energy supply Farrowing: condition Lactation: condition loss - degree - schedule Fusarium (T2)(0.25- 0,60 mg/kg) Season(late summer) Weaning

  36. After weaning: delay in 1st ovulation / estrus Farrowing:BW / condition Lactation: changes (loss) in BW / condition: - degree - timing Fusarium (T2):(0.25-0,60 mg/kg) Parity (1st vs. more aged) Season (Aug. - Sept.) Stress during lactation

  37. Post-weaning progesterone profiles: estrus > 10 day !!! During lactation:moderate stress  week 5th: ovulation !!! Weaning

  38. Post-weaning progesterone profiles: estrus > 10 day !!! During lactation:moderate stress  week 5th: ovulation !!! („Green movements” = animal welfare  farrowing / keeping in small groups) Weaning

  39. 2. Weaning:day  35th (extensive sys-tems)

  40. Weaning: 35th day(extensive farming systems) Usually: Robost = less sensitive to failures in nutrition  Anything of those observed in intensive farming may exist, but with lower prevalence Particular trouble:ovulation (but never: estrus) in the last days of the  6-week- long lactation

  41. Post-weaning progesterone profiles: estrus > 10 day !!! In the last days of the  6-week-long lactation : ovulation  CL (but estrus:  ) Weaning

  42. Intended Critical Gilt: agepuberty 210 d >220 d Sow: estruspost-weaning 4-8 d >12 d Returning to estrus21d10% >20% Returning to estrus>24 d3% >6% Abortion 1% >2,5% Misdiagnosed pregnancy 1% >2% Litter size, alive - gilt 9,5-10,0 <9,0 - sow 10,5-11,0 <10,0 Litter size <8 12% >25%

  43. Returning to estrus after AI / mating Progeszteron, nmol/l AI / Mating

  44. Returning to estrus after AI / mating In general:pregnant If laterreturned to estrus: AI / Mating AI 21 42 day

  45. Returning to estrus after AI / mating In general:pregnant If laterreturned to estrus: - Vírusok (Aujeszky, Parvo) - Leptospira - Erysipelotrix - Endotoxin - Fusarium (F2) AI / Mating

  46. Returning to estrus after AI / mating In general:pregnant If laterreturned to estrus: - Vírusok (Aujeszky, Parvo) - Leptospira - Erysipelotrix - Endotoxin - Fusarium (F2) AI / Mating

  47. Maternal recognition of pregnancy - 1

  48. Maternal recognition of pregnancy - 2 Day 12-14 after ovulation If:  4 living embryo

  49. The maternal recognition of pregnancy may be mimicked also by F2 toxin Day 12-14 after ovulation

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