1 / 43

Chapter 5

Chapter 5 Data Communication And Internet Technology Purpose Understand the fundamental networking concepts Agenda Network Concepts Communication Protocol TCP/IP-OSI Architecture Network Types LAN WAN Public Switched Data Network Virtual Private Network Network Comparison Internet

Gabriel
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 5

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 5 Data Communication And Internet Technology

  2. Purpose • Understand the fundamental networking concepts

  3. Agenda • Network Concepts • Communication Protocol • TCP/IP-OSI Architecture • Network Types • LAN • WAN • Public Switched Data Network • Virtual Private Network • Network Comparison • Internet • Domain Name System • IP Addressing Schemes • Security • Discussion and Case Study

  4. Network Concepts • A collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines • Types • Local area networks (LANs): connects computers in a single geographic location • Wide area networks (WANs): connects computers at different geographic sites • Internet: a network of networks

  5. Communication Protocol • Protocol: a standard means for coordinating an activity between two or more entities • Communications protocol: a means for coordinating activity between two or more communicating computers • The communication protocol is broken into levels of layers • Two machines must agree upon and follow the protocol for exchanging the message

  6. TCP/IP-ISO Architecture - I • International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): Transmission Control Program/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • TCP/IP-ISO architecture: five layers

  7. TCP/IP-ISO Architecture - II • Layer 5 (Application): communication rules between two applications • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for email • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for processing Web page (sites and users) • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for copying file between computers

  8. TCP/IP-ISO Architecture - III • Layer 4 (Transport): communication rules between two host computers • Transmission Control Program (TCP) • Sending functions: break data into segments, add To and From address, and • Receiving functions: provide reliability by sending acknowledgement, and translate the format, assemble segments into data

  9. TCP/IP-ISO Architecture - IV • Layer 3 (Internet): communication rules of routing packets across the Internet • Internet Protocol (IP) • Functions: package each segment into a packet, place IP data in in the packet, add To/From data

  10. TCP/IP-ISO Architecture - V • Layer 2 (Data Link): communication rule for transmitting data within a single network • Functions: package packets into frames • Layer 1 (Physical): communication rule between adjacent device connected by a transmission medium

  11. Terminology • Architecture: an arrangement of protocol layers with their associated tasks • Protocol: set of rule to accomplish the tasks • Program: software implementing the protocol • Web: sub set of Internet with users and sites to process protocol • Internet: communication structure • Browser: a program implementing the HTTP of the TCP/IP-OSI architecture (Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer)

  12. TCP/IP-OSI Application Example

  13. Network Types • LAN: local area network • WAN: wide area network

  14. LAN - I • A group of computers connected together on a single company site and operated by the company • Equipments • Network interface card (NIC) or onboard NIC: an unique identifier named MAC (media access control) address • Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable with RJ-45 connecter • Optical fiber cable with ST and SC connectors

  15. LAN - II • IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers) • Protocol: IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet • Hardware characteristics (which wire carries which signals) • Package and process message over LAN • Operate on Layer 1 and 2 • 10/100/1000 Ethernet (Mbps) • Bits for communications speeds and bytes for memory sizes

  16. Local Area Network

  17. NIC Interface Card

  18. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

  19. Optical Fiber Cable

  20. LAN - III • Wireless LAN • Wireless NIC (WNIC) • IEEE 802.11g protocol to connect to an access point (AP) and IEEE 802.3

  21. Wireless Access Standards

  22. Wireless LAN

  23. WAN • Connects computers located at physically separated sites • Internet service provider (ISP) • Provide customer a legitimate Internet address. • Serve as the gateway to the Internet • Communicate between sending computer and Internet • Connecting computer and ISP • Telephone line • DSL (digital subscriber line) • Cable TV line

  24. WAN - Equipment • Modem • Convert data between digital and analog • Narrowband with speed less than 56 kbps and Broadband with speed over 256 kbps • Modem types • Dial-Up modem • Narrowband • Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) • DSL modem • Permanent connection and one more line for telephone conversation • Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) for home and small business with slow upload speed with 256 kbps and faster download speed ranging from 256 to 768 kbps • Symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL) for advanced users and larger business with 1.544 Mbps performance level guarantees • Cable modem • Permanent connection and one more line for TV • 10 Mbps download speed and 256 kbps upload speed

  25. Analog vs. Digital Signals

  26. Personal Computer (PC) Internet Access

  27. WAN - Equipment • Access devices • Switch (Layer 2) • Router (Layer 3) • Lease lines from telecommunication company • T1 line with 1.544 Mbps speed • T3 line with 44.763 Mbps speed • Optical fiber cable-768 with 40 Gbps • Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

  28. Transmission Line Types, Uses, and Speeds

  29. WAN – Public Switched Data Network • Public switched data network (PSDN) • Developed and maintained by a vendor for selling time to other company • Shown as a cloud in the map or diagram • User must have a leased line connecting to PSDN as point of presence (POP) • PSDN types • Frame Relay with 56 kbps to 40 Mbps: slower and cost less but simple and easy to support • Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) with 1 to 156 Mbps: faster and cost more but transmitting data and voice • Ethernet with 10 to 40 Gpbs

  30. Wide Area Network Using PSDN

  31. WAN – Virtual Private Network • Virtual private network (VPN): a private internet as a private point-to-point connection • Tunnel: a virtual, private pathway over a public or shared network from the VPN client to the VPN server • Encrypted message • Remote access

  32. Remote Access Using VPN

  33. Wide Area Network Using VPN

  34. Network Comparison • Setup costs • Equipment: lines, switches, routers, and access devices • Labor • Operational costs • Lease fees for line and equipment • ISP charges • Training • Maintenance: problem diagnosis, repair, and updating • Performance • Speed: line and equipment • Latency: transmission delay due to congestion • Availability: service outages • Loss rate: transmission problem • Transparency • Performance guarantee: availability, error rate, speed, etc. • Growth potential • Contract commitment period • Management time • Financial risk • Technical risk

  35. Summary of LAN and WAN Networks

  36. Internet • Network address • Physical or MAC address in Layer 2 program: permanent and unique • Logical or IP address in Layers 3, 4, and 5: not permanent, such as 192.168.2.28 • Public IP address used on the Internet to major institutions in blocks assigned by Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) • Private IP address used within private networks and internets • DHCP server has Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign a temporary IP address for accessing the Internet • Network Address Translation (NAT): The process of changing public IP addresses into private IP addresses, and the reverse

  37. Domain Name System • Convert user-friendly name into their IP address • domain name: any registered, valid name with ICANN • resolving the domain name: the process of changing a name into its IP address • ICANN has 13 computer as root servers for maintaining a list of IP addresses of servers to resolve each type of TLD in the world • Top-level domain (TLD) • Non-U.S. is the two letter abbreviation for the country • U.S. is the type of organization • Uniform resource locator (URL): document’s address on the Web • Domain name resolvers store the correspondence of domain names and IP address

  38. IP Addressing Schemes • IPv4 and • IPv4 • 32 bits divided into four groups of 8 bits, and a decimal number represents each group • 63.224.57.59 • The largest decimal number between the period is 255 (0 – 255) • IPv6 • 128 bits due to the growth of the Internet • Currently both IPv4 and IPv6 are used on the Internet

  39. Security • Encryption algorithms: DES, 3DES, AES • Key • Symmetric encryption • Asymmetric encryption: public key and private key • HTTPS • Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) • Public key, private key and symmetric encryption

  40. Summary • TCP/IP-OSI five layers • Application layer • Transport layer • Internet layer • Data link layer • Physical layer • Public switched data network (PSDN) • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign a temporary IP address for accessing the Internet • Domain name

  41. Discussion • Problem solving (121a-b) • What are the new opportunities for the business generated by the Internet? • What are the new threats for the business generated by the Internet? • Opposing forces (129a-b) • State your opinions related to the negative impact on the society when everyone is connect through the Internet. • Security (133a-b) • State the impacts on the society and business from the government having an decryption method to decode everything over the Internet. • Ethics (141a-b) • State the impacts from the employee’s private usage of company’s computer facility. • Reflections (143a-b) • How should you react properly from not getting lost from this Internet age?

  42. Case Study • Case 5-1 (148-149) Network Services: questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10

  43. Points to Remember • Network Concepts • Communication Protocol • TCP/IP-OSI Architecture • Network Types • LAN • WAN • Public Switched Data Network • Virtual Private Network • Network Comparison • Internet • Domain Name System • IP Addressing Schemes • Security • Discussion and Case Study

More Related