Michael Gillenwater

2. CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshopfor the African Region- Building an Inventory Management System -Pretoria, South Africa18-22 September 2006 Michael Gillenwater

3. What is an GHG Inventory Program for? • Meet international obligations and expectations • Inform international, national, & local policy making • Enhance credibility of national climate policies through timely, transparent, and effective analysis & communication • Foster consistent estimation approaches across government & private sector programs • Respond to requests for information • Champion for high quality & objective inventory information

4. What is quality? • Transparency • Completeness • Comparability • Consistency • Accuracy Transparency is the most fundamental. If you do not document, then there is no way to demonstrate any of the other principles have been met.

5. Who cares? • A wide audience of stakeholders... • Decision makers & policy advisors • International climate change community • Provincial & local agencies • The public & interest groups • Businesses • Scientists

6. National government • Are national inventories verifiable? • What are current & projected emissions and removals from key industries? • What are the effects of existing or planned policies and measures (including policies that aggravate emissions)? • Is there consensus among government agencies and key stakeholders on our emission estimates? • What are the relationships between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental pollutants?

7. International community • What is the your country’s contribution to global emissions and removals? • Are your GHG estimates credible and transparent? • Is your country meeting its UNFCCC obligations?

8. Businesses & NGOs • How do we quantify and get credit for activities that reduce emissions or sequester carbon? • What activities, industries, companies, or policies have been responsible for significant increases or decreases in GHG emissions or removals? Scientists • What are the priorities for research and measurement? • What are the scientific uncertainties in the emission and sink estimates?

9. Linkages Research & international scientific community Trading and projects LU/LUCF (Sinks policies) Domestic emission reduction programs Inventory Program Negotiations & IPCC Corporate, regional, & other inventories Interest groups & the public Emission projections, climate & economic modeling 9

10. Inventory management systems should... • Ensure inventory processes are in compliance with COP decisions (i.e., Non-Annex I Party National Communications) • Define and apply appropriate procedures for collecting, processing, communicating, and archiving inventory data & information • Coordinate with relevant ministries, agencies, and other organizations • Provide inventory reports regularly • Ensure the quality of inventory data

11. Inventory management system • Inventory planning • Inventory preparation • Inventory management

12. Inventory planning • Establish national inventory agency • Assign responsibilities for inventory preparation and management • Develop schedule • Make arrangements to collect data from statistical agencies, companies, industry associations, etc. • Create QA/QC plan • Define formal approval process within government • Develop review processes • Integrate continuous improvement

13. Example: U.S. Inventory Schedule Oct - Nov Late December April - September April 15th Mid October Nov - Dec Jan - Feb Incorporate public comments Respond to interagency comments Gather data and prepare initial estimates Prepare draft report Expert and interagency review Release for public comment Submit Inventory to UN

14. Inventory preparation • Identify key categories • Select methods and emission factors (e.g., GPG decision trees) • Collect activity data • Manage recalculations • Implement QA/QC plan • Basic checks should be completed on entire inventory (Tier 1) (see GPG Ch. 8) • More in-depth investigations into key sources (Tier 2) • Documentation

15. Key categories • A key category has a significant influence on a country’s total inventory in terms of level or trend in emissions (GPG, Ch.7) • A key category may also be determined through a qualitative assessment. • A key category is one that is prioritized within the national inventory system • In general, countries should focus on key categories for resources and improvements

16. Inventory management • Implement inventory review processes (e.g., expert review, public review) • Obtain formal approval of final results and report within government • Submit report to UNFCCC • Make inventory information available to stakeholders and respond to information requests • Archive all documentation and results • Continuous improvement feedback

17. Uncertainty • Uncertainty analysis is a subjective exercise, as it relies to a large extent on expert judgment • Therefore, it is not a valid basis to compare inventories between countries • Uncertainty analysis should be used as a way to investigate the quality of your inventory data and identify ways to improve data quality • You achieve by communicating with data suppliers (e.g., statistical agencies) Uncertainty investigations should be integrated within your QA/QC plan!

18. Resources • IPCC Guidelines • Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines • IPCC Good Practice Guidance • IPCC LULUCF GPG • New 2006 IPCC Guidelines • UNFCCC reporting guidelines • IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) • IPCC software • NCSP booklet on "Managing the GHG inventories process (March 2005)

19. Other resources… • Inventory reports from other Parties UNFCCC website/GHG Data www.unfccc.int • Inventory related reports from other Parties • GHG Inventory Experts Network www.ghgnetwork.org

20. Closing remarks… • A greenhouse gas inventory is more than just a report. It should be viewed as an broader analytical program. • A “cookbook” approach to developing a GHG inventory is not practical. There will always be a large and essential need for expert judgment at all levels of the process. • A well constructed inventory should include enough documentation to allow readers to understand the underlying assumptions and to reconstruct the calculations.

21. Please feel free to email me in the future:Michael Gillenwatergillenwater@alum.mit.edu – Thank you –

22. Flow of Energy Data EPA

23. Emission Inventory Basics • An emission inventory is an accounting of the amount of air pollutants discharged into the atmosphere. It is generally characterized by the following factors: • The chemical or physical identity of the pollutants included • The geographic area covered • The institutional entities covered • The time period over which emissions are estimated • The types of activities that cause emissions

24. Inventory Agency Responsibilities • A single national entity to be responsible for the overall inventory • Arrangements with collaborating entities that contribute data, research, estimate emissions or provide expert reviews • Define legal authority to collect and disseminate data necessary for the preparation of the inventory • Ensure inventory processes are in compliance with COP decisions • Define and apply procedures for collecting data, preparing inventory, communicating results, submitting report, and archiving • Liaise among government departments, national agencies, • Ensure the implementation of QA/QC

25. Goals • Develop high quality inventory at regular intervals (e.g., annually, every 2-4 years, etc). • Resources are focused on the most significant emission sources in the country

26. Atmospheric Concentrations Source: CDIAC