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NICHE

NICHE. FUNDAMENTAL NICHE – is the multidimensional space where a species could occur in the absence of interspeific competition and predation. REALIZED NICHE – is the space where the species is actually found. (This is usually smaller than the fundamental niche due to competition and

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NICHE

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  1. NICHE FUNDAMENTAL NICHE – is the multidimensional space where a species could occur in the absence of interspeific competition and predation REALIZED NICHE – is the space where the species is actually found. (This is usually smaller than the fundamental niche due to competition and predation).

  2. NICHE PARTIONING IN AFRICAN UNGULATES

  3. 1. PARTIONING BY SOIL TYPE

  4. Thompson’s gazelle

  5. Grant’s gazelle

  6. Burchell’s Zebra

  7. Wildebeest

  8. Kongoni Topi

  9. Waterbuck

  10. African buffalo

  11. 2. PARTIONING BY FOOD TYPE

  12. Soil type Food type Moisture gradient

  13. 3. PARTIONING BY MOISTURE GRADIENT

  14. Steinbuck

  15. Kongoni

  16. Dikdik

  17. Topi

  18. Duiker

  19. Oribi

  20. Reedbuck

  21. EUROPEAN SEEDEATING FINCHES Redpoll Note size of bill Linnet Greenfinch Hawfinch

  22. Niche Partitioning

  23. Niche partitioning of African mammals along a density gradient from open to closed vegetation

  24. Computer calculated overlap in niche from random associations

  25. North America Observed overlap in diet niche of desert lizards Africa Australia

  26. GAUSE’S PRINCIPLE orPRINCIPLE OF COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION • No two species can live in the same niche • 2. If two species have the same niche, one will • exclude the other

  27. A B Apparent Niche overlap may not be real when all dimensions are considered Overlap occurs in each parameter (A,B) when considered alone, and may occur when considered together (C) but not necessarily (D) C D

  28. GAUSE’S PRINCIPLE orPRINCIPLE OF COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION • No two species can live in the same niche • 2. If two species have the same niche, one will • exclude the other • PROBLEMS • We can never demonstrate that two niches are • the same • 2. This principle is a tautology (circular)

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