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Ecological Niche

Ecological Niche . Ecological niche. Niche = an organism’s role or way of life in a community. Depends on the adaptive features, and the habitat of the organism. (Kind of like the organism’s ‘job’). Gause’s Principle. I want you to just take brief notes about all this information !

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Ecological Niche

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  1. Ecological Niche

  2. Ecological niche • Niche = an organism’s role or way of life in a community. Depends on the adaptive features, and the habitat of the organism. (Kind of like the organism’s ‘job’)

  3. Gause’s Principle • I want you to just take brief notes about all this information! • Gause – Russian biologist who studied the interactions between 2 species of protist. • Put both species in a test tube and then after a while only one species remained. • Which species survived depended on the conditions in the tube – he concluded that • “No two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same habitat for an indefinite period”

  4. Character displacement • Competition will be high if the two species’ habitats overlap.

  5. Character displacement • Competition will be high if the two species’ habitats overlap. • However, is can be reduced by character displacement – a characteristic that is different on one species.

  6. Character displacement • Competition will be high if the two species’ habitats overlap. • Comp. can be reduced by character displacement – a characteristic that is different on one species. • This enables the two species to co-exist.

  7. Ecological equivilents • Organisms that are evolutionarily different but share similar niches. • EG.

  8. Population • Group of individuals of the same species living in one area at one particular time.

  9. Population

  10. Measuring population • Difficult to count WHOLE populations, so a sample is taken.

  11. Measuring population • Difficult to count WHOLE populations, so a sample is taken. • Sample is usually random, so can represent the typical population.

  12. Measuring population • Difficult to count WHOLE populations, so a sample is taken. • Sample is usually random, so can represent the typical population. • To measure the size of a population in mobile organisms, mark-recapture techniques are used – capture, label, release.

  13. Measuring population • Difficult to count WHOLE populations, so a sample is taken. • Sample is usually random, so can represent the typical population. • To measure the size of a population in mobile organisms, mark-recapture techniques are used – capture, label, release. • Size of population = total number in 1st sample x total number in 2nd sample number of marked animals recaptured in second sample

  14. Using the population equation • 60 stoats are caught and released. 3 months later, 25 stoats are captured, 14 of which have already been tagged. Size of stoat population = 2. 25 blue ducks are tagged. 1 month later 20 are captured, and 12 of them already have tags. Size of blue duck population =

  15. Transects • Line placed across a habitat.

  16. Transects • Line placed across a habitat. • Transect is divided into intervals and at each interval the population is sampled.

  17. Transects • Line placed across a habitat. • Transect is divided into intervals and at each interval the population is sampled. • Used when species are affected by environmental factor (Eg. Trampling of plants on lawn affecting their distribution)

  18. Quadrats • Square frame used to isolate area so number of organisms can be counted.

  19. Quadrats • Square frame used to isolate area so number of organisms can be counted. • Often used where organisms cannot move.

  20. Quadrats • Square frame used to isolate area so number of organisms can be counted. • Often used where organisms cannot move.

  21. Instructions.

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