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The Pulmonary System

The Pulmonary System. Chapter 4 Part I: Functional Anatomy. Objectives. Discuss the basic pulmonary structures and their functions Discuss the processes of ventilation and respiration Discuss the regulation of breathing and implications for injury or illness. The Pulmonary System.

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The Pulmonary System

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  1. The Pulmonary System Chapter 4 Part I: Functional Anatomy

  2. Objectives • Discuss the basic pulmonary structures and their functions • Discuss the processes of ventilation and respiration • Discuss the regulation of breathing and implications for injury or illness

  3. The Pulmonary System Anatomical Structures • Nasal passage • Oral cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Bronchioles • Alveoli • Capillaries

  4. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation • Mechanics of moving air in and out of the lungs • Respiration • Exchanges O2 and CO2

  5. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation • Requires active muscle contraction • Occurs passively

  6. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation • Inhalation or Inspiration • Requires active muscle contraction • Diaphragm • External intercostals • Accessory muscles • Abdominals • Sternocleidomastoids • Scalenes • Trapezius

  7. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation • Exhalation or Expiration • Occurs passively

  8. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation (Inspiration) • Air enters through nasal passage • Warmed • Filtered • Mucus • Cilia

  9. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation (Inspiration) • Air passes through pharynx  larynx  trachea

  10. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation (Inspiration) • Trachea branches to form R and Lbronchi

  11. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation (Inspiration) • Bronchi branch intobronchioles

  12. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation (Inspiration) • Bronchioles terminate into alveoli

  13. The Pulmonary System Functions • Respiration • Alveoli surrounded by network of thin walled capillaries

  14. The Pulmonary System Functions • Respiration • Gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of capillaries and alveoli

  15. The Pulmonary System Functions • Respiration • Gas exchange • O2 • CO2

  16. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation (Expiration) • Air moves back thru pulmonarysystem to be exhaled

  17. The Pulmonary System Functions • Ventilation (Expiration) • Air moves back through pulmonarysystem to be exhaled

  18. Regulation of Breathing • Central nervous system • Brain • Medulla is sensitive to CO2 levels in the blood • Inspiratory muscles controlled by phrenic nerve (C3-C5 nerve roots) and cranial nerve XI (sternocleidomastoid) Implications?

  19. Questions?

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