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The Rise of Fascism and WWII

The Rise of Fascism and WWII. 1922-1945. Aggression and the policy of Appeasement. Appeasement- The Policy of giving in to an aggressor in order to maintain peace. Why would nations choose Appeasement?. Japan . During the early 20’s Japan became more democratic, setting up a parliament

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The Rise of Fascism and WWII

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  1. The Rise of Fascism and WWII 1922-1945

  2. Aggression and the policy of Appeasement • Appeasement- The Policy of giving in to an aggressor in order to maintain peace. • Why would nations choose Appeasement?

  3. Japan • During the early 20’s Japan became more democratic, setting up a parliament • Onset of the Great Depression.-People blamed the government • Military rulers gained public support and gained control of the government • Military leaders kept Emperor as the symbol of power. • Use conquered territories to provide raw materials and markets for goods.

  4. Japan’s Strategy for Dealing with Crisis • Military leaders wanted to solve economic problems through Empire. • 1931- Japan invades Manchuria against the objections of Japanese Parliament • Manchuria rich in Iron and coal • Japanese set up a puppet government

  5. International Response to Japan • League of Nations Protested • Deemed it a Violation of the Kellog-Briand pact- which “renounced war as an instrument of national policy.” signed by most nations except Soviet Union • League had no military could not enforce treaty • Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933

  6. Japan Invades Mainland China 1937 • The Rape of Nanking • Between December 1937 and March 1938 at least 369,366 Chinese civilians and prisoners of war were slaughtered by the invading troops. An estimated 80,000 women and girls were raped; many of them were then mutilated or murdered.

  7. European Aggression and the Policy of Appeasement • October 1935 Italy- Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia • Tests new Chemical weapons on Ethiopian population • Easily defeats Ethiopians • Ethiopian Ruler appealed to League of Nations for help • League condemned attacks but did nothing

  8. Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty • Part of NAZI platform was to overturn Versailles Treaty. • March 1935 Hitler rearmed Germany violating the condition limiting Germany’s Army. • League failed to respond

  9. The Formation of the Axis Powers • 1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis. Hitler (Germany) and Mussolini (Italy) agreed to cooperate on several international issues. • One month later Japan aligned itself with Germany and Italy in the Anti-Commintern Pact. (agreed to share information on Communist groups)

  10. Aggression And Appeasement Cont. • Hitler argued for a German Empire for Germans and claimed that Germans needed Lebensraum • Hitler’s Third Reich- (Desire to create a new German Empire) • March 1936 Hitler moves into the Rhineland • No response by Britain and France • Spanish-Civil War – Liberal regime vs. Fascist movement led by Francisco Franco • Hitler and Mussolini sent arms to Spain to help Franco’s movement

  11. Aggression and Appeasement Cont. • Desire to annex Austria and Czechoslovakia. • Versailles Treaty prohibited Anschluss • March 1938 Hitler Annexed Austria • Austrian People supported the move

  12. Aggression and Appeasement Cont. • September 1938 – Hitler demanded the Sudetenland from Czechsolovakia • Czech asked France for help • Munich Conference Sept. 29 1938- proposed by Mussolini -Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. (excluded Soviet Union) • Britain and France gave Germany the Sudetenland if Germany would respect Czech’s new borders. • 6 months later Hitler took all of Czech

  13. Aggression and Appeasement Cont. • April 1939 - Mussolini seized Albania • Hitler demands Poland return the Port of Danzig. • Poles refused turned to Britain and France for help • Britain and France state that if Germany invades Poland they will go to war

  14. Non-Aggression Pact • Aug 23 1939 Non-aggression Pact- between Russia and Germany. Pledge not to attack each other. Hitler promised Stalin territory • Hitler promised Stalin Territory in the Baltic States • Secret agreement Germany and the Soviet Union would divide Poland between them • Stalin could take over Finland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia.

  15. World War II Begins • September 1st 1939 – Hitler Invades Poland • Sept 3rd 1939 – Britain and France declare war on Germany

  16. The Definition of Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result.

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