1. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)to Edit Title Elderly adult males are more prone to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition that appears when the prostate glands enlarge. Enlarged prostate glands affect the urinary tract systems of the concerned persons. BPH can be identified by obstructive or irritative symptoms, and can be diagnosed by, among others, the PSA tests and prostate biopsy. It can be treated pharmacologically by recommending drugs such as tadalafil, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and alpha-blockers, and non-pharmacologically by recommending lifestyle adjustments in diet, fluid intake, and physical exercise. Common Symptoms BPH symptoms are either caused by the blockage of the urethra or the changes in the bladder as a result of the enlarged prostate glands. A blocked urethra may result in three main symptoms. First, the patient may experience a hardship when starting to urinate. Second, the stream of urine may appear weaker or may have various interruptions during urination. Thirdly, one may experience dribbling upon finishing urination. Changes in the bladder may cause irritations by inducing urgency and frequency in urination, and nocturia. Changes in the bladder and urethra are responsible for the BPH symptoms. Screening Assessment Tools The screening of BPH may include physical examinations of the lower abdomen, digital rectal exams (DRE), and urine tests. During physical examinations, symptoms and the bother score, such as the I-PSS and the AUA-SI, should be evaluated (Wu, Davidian, & DeSimone, 2016). In addition, it is recommended that urinalysis and DRE must be performed in order to screen for BPH (McVary et al., 2014). While the DRE checks for enlargement, urinalysis is necessary for ruling out other possible conditions that share similar symptoms (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2018). The at-risk population of BPH is mostly aged men from above 45 years old (McVary, 2014). Therefore, BPH can be screened using the DRE, urinalysis, and physical examinations. Recommended Diagnostic Tests Diverse tests may be used to confirm the presence of BPH. Frequency volume charts that outline urination patterns and test for nocturia may be used (McVary et al., 2014). PSA tests are especially recommended to rule out prostate cancer. Other proposed diagnostic tests include the pressure flow studies, ultrasound, and endoscopy of the lower urinary tract (Wu et al., 2016). Pressure flow studies, residual studies, and flow rate recordings may also be performed to justify the existence of BPH. Therefore, diagnostic tests are necessary to rule out other conditions that share symptoms with BPH and to confirm BPH.