Climate and Biodiversity

1. Climate and Biodiversity Chapter 5

2. 5-2 How Does Climate Affect the Nature and Location of Biomes? • Concept 5-2 Differences in average annual precipitation and temperature lead to the formation of tropical, temperate, and cold deserts, grasslands, and forests, and largely determine their locations.

3. Climate Affects Biomes • Major biomes related to climate • Biomes consist of a mosaic of patches of communities • Average temperature and precipitation determine the biome

4. Earth’s Major Biomes Fig. 5-8, p. 81

5. Correlation Between Latitude and Elevation

6. Elevation Mountain ice and snow Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Coniferous Forest Latitude Deciduous Forest Tropical Forest Tropical Forest Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest Polar ice and snow Fig. 5-9, p. 81

7. Climate Determines the Biome

8. Polar Tundra Subpolar Temperate Coniferous forest Desert Grassland Deciduous forest Tropical Chaparral Desert Savanna Rain forest Tropical seasonal forest Scrubland Fig. 5-10, p. 82

9. Three Major Types of Deserts • Tropical deserts – Sahara, Namib • Temperate deserts – Mojave • Cold deserts – Gobi

10. Climate Graph of Tropical United Arab Emirates Desert

11. Climate Graph of Temperate Arizona Desert

12. Climate Graph of Cold Gobi Desert

13. Fig. 5-11, p. 83

14. Science Focus: Staying Alive in the Desert • Desert survival • Beat the heat • Conserve water • Plants have evolved survival strategies • Animals have own special adaptations

15. Three Major Types of Grasslands • Tropical grasslands – savanna • Temperate grasslands – prairie • Short-grass vs. tall-grass • Cold grasslands – tundra • Permafrost soils

16. Savanna Grassland

17. Montana Prairie Grassland

18. Arctic Tundra Grassland

19. Fig. 5-12, p. 85

20. Loss of a Temperate Grassland Fig. 5-13, p. 86

21. Three Major Types of Forests • Tropical rain forests • Temperate deciduous forests • Evergreen coniferous forests

22. Tropical Forest

23. Temperate Deciduous Forest

24. Evergreen Coniferous Forest

25. Fig. 5-14, p. 87

26. Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem

27. Ocelot Harpy eagle Blue and gold macaw Squirrel monkeys Climbing monstera palm Katydid Slaty-tailed trogon Green tree snake Tree frog Ants Bromeliad Bacteria Fungi Producer to primary consumer Primary to secondary consumer Secondary to higher-level consumer All producers and consumers to decomposers Fig. 5-15, p. 88

28. Stratification of Tropical Rain Forest

29. Emergent layer Harpy eagle Toco toucan Canopy Under story Wooly opossum Shrub layer Brazilian tapir Ground layer Black-crowned antpitta Fig. 5-16, p. 89

30. Importance of Mountains • Contain majority of the world’s forests • Regulate climate • Key in the hydrological cycle