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Climate and Biodiversity. Chapter 5. 5-2 How Does Climate Affect the Nature and Location of Biomes?.
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Climate and Biodiversity Chapter 5
5-2 How Does Climate Affect the Nature and Location of Biomes? • Concept 5-2 Differences in average annual precipitation and temperature lead to the formation of tropical, temperate, and cold deserts, grasslands, and forests, and largely determine their locations.
Climate Affects Biomes • Major biomes related to climate • Biomes consist of a mosaic of patches of communities • Average temperature and precipitation determine the biome
Earth’s Major Biomes Fig. 5-8, p. 81
Elevation Mountain ice and snow Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Coniferous Forest Latitude Deciduous Forest Tropical Forest Tropical Forest Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest Polar ice and snow Fig. 5-9, p. 81
Polar Tundra Subpolar Temperate Coniferous forest Desert Grassland Deciduous forest Tropical Chaparral Desert Savanna Rain forest Tropical seasonal forest Scrubland Fig. 5-10, p. 82
Three Major Types of Deserts • Tropical deserts – Sahara, Namib • Temperate deserts – Mojave • Cold deserts – Gobi
Science Focus: Staying Alive in the Desert • Desert survival • Beat the heat • Conserve water • Plants have evolved survival strategies • Animals have own special adaptations
Three Major Types of Grasslands • Tropical grasslands – savanna • Temperate grasslands – prairie • Short-grass vs. tall-grass • Cold grasslands – tundra • Permafrost soils
Loss of a Temperate Grassland Fig. 5-13, p. 86
Three Major Types of Forests • Tropical rain forests • Temperate deciduous forests • Evergreen coniferous forests
Ocelot Harpy eagle Blue and gold macaw Squirrel monkeys Climbing monstera palm Katydid Slaty-tailed trogon Green tree snake Tree frog Ants Bromeliad Bacteria Fungi Producer to primary consumer Primary to secondary consumer Secondary to higher-level consumer All producers and consumers to decomposers Fig. 5-15, p. 88
Emergent layer Harpy eagle Toco toucan Canopy Under story Wooly opossum Shrub layer Brazilian tapir Ground layer Black-crowned antpitta Fig. 5-16, p. 89
Importance of Mountains • Contain majority of the world’s forests • Regulate climate • Key in the hydrological cycle