Mock Exam

1. Mock Exam 1994

2. Pretext • Question 2 • Religion supplies the pretext and gold the motive • something that is put forward to conceal a true purpose or object; an ostensible reason; excuse: The leaders used the insults as a pretext to declare war.

3. Demographic change • a single vital or social statistic of a human population, as the number of births or deaths. • # 7 Which of the following was a major demographic change in Western Europe between 1850 and 1914? • A. a dramatic shift of population to urban areas • B. a rapidly decreasing birthrate • C. A rapidly increasing deathrate • D. a proniunced trend toward larger families • A. marked decline in emigration • (A) a dramatic shift of population to urban areas

4. Transmutation • the transformation of one species into another • In the Origin of the Species, charles Darwin addresses the…

5. Franchise • the right to vote: to guarantee the franchise of every citizen.

6. Cossacks • A member of a people of southern European Russia and adjacent parts of Asia, noted as cavalrymen especially during czarist times.

7. Age Composition of the British Population • 1841 age in years 1967 • 4% over 65 13% • 5% 55-65 11% • 8% 45-54 13% • 12% 35-44 13% • 16% 25-34 11% • 22% 15-24 15% • 18% 5-14 15% • 15% 0-5 9% • The Table above supports which of the following statements? • A. In the 1840’s the majority of Britons did not live past the age of 15 • B. the British infant mortality rate was lower in 1841 than in 1967 • C. the average age of Britons at first marriage was lower in 1967 than in 1841. • D. The change in the age composition of the British population between 1841 and 1967 resulted primarily from emigration • E. the average age of the British population was higher in 1967 than in 1841. • Answer: E

8. Couples in early modern Europe generally put off marriage until they were, on average, in their mid to late twenties because • A. sexual maturation was delayed until the mid twenties because of poor nutrition • B. they were concerned about scarcity of housing • C. they needed to acquire land or learn a trade before they could support a family • D. The customs and mores of a society dominated by religion promoted sexual restraint • E. laws prohibited marriage without parental permission before the age of majority • Answer: C

9. asceticism • rigorous self-denial; extreme abstinence; austerity. • Question 33 “Renaissance humanism drew its main inspiration from” • A. religious asceticism

10. anabaptists • A member of a radical movement of the 16th-century Reformation that viewed baptism solely as an external witness to a believer's conscious profession of faith, rejected infant baptism, and believed in the separation of church from state, in the shunning of nonbelievers, and in simplicity of life.

11. #42 During the 19th and 20th centuries, the first European country to experience a dramatic decrease in birthrate was • A. France • B. Italy • C. Russia • D. Spain • E. Germany • Answer: A

12. #50 The repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 was most strongly opposed by • A. factory owners • B. wage laborers • C. wealthy landowners • D. religious dissenters • E. shopkeepers • Answer: C

13. # 51 Crystal Palace 1851 • a structure of prefabricated iron units, glass, and wood, built in London to house the Exhibition of 1851: destroyed by fire 1936. • The Crystal Palace was built in 1851 in London primarily as: • C. celebration of British technological and economic dominance

14. #52 Between 1870 and 1914, the heavily industrialized nations of Western Europe earned the loyalty of their citizens by all of the following except: • A. extending the right to vote to almost all adult males • B. acquiring colonies to promote economic expansion and national pride • C. dividing farmland equally among peasants • D. increasing the availability of public education • E. legalizing trade unions • Answer: C

15. #63 In early modern Europe, which of the following most directly undermined the guild system? • any of various medieval associations, as of merchants or artisans, organized to maintain standards and to protect the interests of its members, and that sometimes constituted a local governing body. • Answer: (A) entrepreneurial expansion of manufacturing into the countryside. • a person who organizes and manages any enterprise, esp. a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk.

16. #67 On which of the following did Cavour and Garibaldi agree? • A. Once united Italy should be a Republic • B. Italy should be independent of foreign control • C. Italian unity should be achieved in one way, revolution. • D. the Pope should rule the new Italian state • E. foreign assistance was necessary to drive Austria from Italy • Answer: B

17. Realpolitik • political realism or practical politics, esp. policy based on power rather than on ideals. • Practiced by Bismarck, Cavour

18. Which of the following was the most important factor behind the Price Revolution of the 16th century • A. steady population growth and rising food costs • B. the massive emigration of Europeans to the new world • C. the militarization of society and massive war taxes • D. Governmental control of the economy • E. The rapid growth of manufacturing and the depopulation of the countryside. • Answer: A

19. Mock Exam 1999

20. #2 Conciliar Power • of, pertaining to, or issued by a council.

21. #3 Family relations in Western Europe in the period 1500-1750 were generally similar to modern ones in that: • A. the core of the family was nuclear • B. the legal power the father had over the family steadily declined • C. divorce on the basis of irreconcilable differences increased dramatically • D. family chapels, directed by fathers, dominated community services • E. Children left home and established separate households soon after puberty. • Answer: A

22. #6 Hobbes and Rousseau would have agreed that • A. a monarch has absolute power • B. the state is based on a social contract • C. the state of nature is peaceful and harmonious • D. political authority should be shared by the monarch and representatives of the people • E. Citizens have a right to revolt • Answer: B

23. Customs/Tariff union • an association of independent nations or tariff areas created to remove customs barriers between them and to adopt a uniform tariff policy toward nonmember nations. • Examples: Zollverein 1834, European Economic Community 1957

24. #9 Britain’s Game Laws • laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport.

25. Decline in birth rates in England and Wales, France, Germany, and Sweden, 1840-1913 • The major reason fro the pattern shown in the graph above is: • A. Parent’s decision to have smaller families • B. a declining standard of prenatal care for pregnant women • C. a decrease in the marriage rate of women • D. increased use of birth control pills • E. the spread of infanticide • Answer: A

26. During the 1950’s many European countries experienced • A. a significant rise in the unemployment rate • B. Strict governmental controls over the size of families • C. A rapid increase in the birth rate • D. rising mortality rates due to deterioration in health care • E. acute poverty due to a series of food shortages • Answer: C

27. By the late 17th century, witchcraft trials and executions had declined in Western Europe in part because of: • A. popular uprisings and peasant resistance against persecution • B. growing feminist protest against persecution • C. official church rejection of the concept of witches • D. increased disbelief among elites in the concept of witches • E. a declining number of women practicing midwifery • Answer: D

28. Oligarchy • a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique; government by the few.

29. Enclosure Movement

30. In the period between 1871 and 1914, European governments regarded Public Education for the masses as important because it would • A. discourage emigration to the new world • B. ensure that children received comprehensive religious instruction • C. Ensure that laborers were informed • D. proved society with well informed and responsible citizens • E. lead to woman suffrage • Answer: D

31. Chartist movement: England • Desired democratic reform • 1838 • Failed in 1840’s • Gradually adopted by the English government over the next 2 reform bills

32. Historians attribute the population explosion of the 18th century to • A. The elimination of childhood diseases • B. A more abundant food supply • C. The widespread introduction of piped water and sewers • D. The eradication of childbirth fever • E. New sanitary procedures in hospitals • Answer: B

33. “The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles” the quotation above is from the writings of • A. Robespierre and Danton • B. Saint-Simon • C. Marx and Engels • D. Malthus • E. Bismarck • Answer: C

34. The Growth of Europe’s population in the late 19th century can be attributed primarily to • A. falling mortality rates • B. a decline in emigration • C. a growing trend toward larger families • D. falling marriage rates in Western Europe • E. Population growth rates that were higher in western than central europe • Answer: A

35. The individual that first provided mathematical formulas supporting the Copernican theory and explaining planetary motion was • A. Galileo • B. Newton • C. Brahe • D. Descartes • E. Kepler • Answer: E

36. Of the following, which was the central issue for 19th European advocates for women’s rights? • A. the right for women to control their own property • B. equal pay for equal work • C. the right to serve in the military • D. alimony and child support in cases of Divorce • E. the right to civil marriage ceremonies • Answer: A

37. The first European country to develop a social welfare system was • A. Great Britain • B. Sweden • C. France • D. Belgium • E. Germany • Answer: E

38. All of the following concepts are associated with Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis except: • A. superego • B. sublimation • C. collective unconscious • D. Oedipus complex • E. repression • Answer: C

39. Sublimation • to divert the energy of (a sexual or other biological impulse) from its immediate goal to one of a more acceptable social, moral, or aesthetic nature or use.

40. Oedipus complex • the unresolved desire of a child for sexual gratification through the parent of the opposite sex, esp. the desire of a son for his mother. This involves, first, identification with and, later, hatred for the parent of the same sex, who is considered by the child as a rival.

41. Women’s suffrage was first achieved at the national level in Germany and Great Britain in the period • A. 1848-1870 • B. 1871-1885 • C. 1886-1900 • D. 1901-1913 • E. 1914-1930 • Answer: E

42. suffrage • the right to vote, esp. in a political election

43. All of the following were major goals of the European feminist movement of the late 1960’s and 1970’s EXCEPT • A. expanded employment opportunities for women • B. better and more affordable child care facilities • C. Suffrage for women over 21 • D. reform of civil legislation on marriage and divorce • E. improved access to birth control information and technology • Answer: C