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The Rock Cycle

The rock cycle illustrates the intricate relationships among the three major rock groups: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from molten material, either intrusively with slow cooling or extrusively with rapid cooling. Sedimentary rocks result from surface processes that involve weathering, erosion, transport, and deposition of materials. Metamorphic rocks undergo changes due to pressure, temperature, and fluids. Powered by Earth's internal heat and solar energy, the rock cycle connects geological processes with hydrology and tectonics, reflecting Earth's dynamic nature.

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups

  2. Major Rock Groups • Igneous • Formed from a melt (molten rock) • Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and crystallization • Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface • Sedimentary • Formed at the Earth’s surface • Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) • Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) • Metamorphic • Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids.

  3. Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

  4. IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

  5. IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  6. Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  7. Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  8. SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  9. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  10. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  11. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA

  12. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  13. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  14. In Conclusion… • The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups • It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth • As well as earth’s momentum and… • The energy from the sun • It involves processes on the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior • It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.

  15. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

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