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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Toward Independence. Vocabulary Terms. Patriots (Whigs): American Colonists who believed the colonies had a right to govern themselves Loyalists (Tories): American Colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain and did not believe in the colonies right to self governance

Samuel
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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Toward Independence

  2. Vocabulary Terms • Patriots (Whigs): American Colonists who believed the colonies had a right to govern themselves • Loyalists (Tories): American Colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain and did not believe in the colonies right to self governance • Allies: groups or countries that work together during wartime. • Militia: a small army made up of ordinary citizens who are available to fight in in emergency • Tyranny: the unjust use of government power by groups or an individual. • Repeal: to take back or to cancel a law • Boycott: to refuse to buy one or more goods from a certain source. An organized refusal to do something by people. • Revenue: money collected by the government in the form of taxes

  3. Section 5.2: Before 1763 • Growth of the American Colonies • American colonies were grew rapidly from 50,000 to over 1,000,000 • Reasons • cheap land • religious freedom • economic opportunity

  4. Section 5.2: Before 1763 • British Government Treatment of the Colonies • Left the colonies alone for the most part • Colonists became fairly self-reliant • Colonists elected assemblies, levied taxes, and passed laws

  5. Section 5.2: Before 1763 • Conflict in the Ohio Valley • Ohio Valley claimed by both French and English • 1754: French build Fort Duquesne near present-day Pittsburg • Virginia Governor organizes militia, lead by George Washington, to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley • Perception that colonists were not very good soldiers • Defeat the first French scouting party they encountered which starts the French and Indian War

  6. Section 5.3: Early British America • 1760: King George III take the throne • Britain in huge debt after the French and Indian War and expected the colonists to begin sharing the burden

  7. Section 5.3: Early British America • The Proclamation of 1763 • King George III attempts to slow westward expansion • draws line across the Appalachian Mountains • settlers must remain east of the line • tyranny: • colonists believed proclamation was an act of tyranny or an unjust demand by the King • most of the land east of the Appalachian line was settled • the only good land left was west of the Appalachian line • to enforce the Proclamation, King George expands the British Army to 7,500

  8. The Stamp Act • Rationale • Great Britain needs to find additional money to pay off French and Indian War debt • War was fought for the benefit of the colonists • colonists were lightly taxed while citizens in Britain payed numerous taxes • the colonists should pay their fair share of the debt

  9. The Stamp Act • first overt tax by the British government on the colonies • idea was created by British Prime Minister George Grenville

  10. The Stamp Act • Requirements • colonists had to buy a government stamp for every piece of paper they used • included newspapers, wills, licenses, and playing cards

  11. The Stamp Act • Sons of Liberty • members were Patriots • took violent action against the Stamp Act • attacked tax collectors homes • threatened to bury one tax collector alive

  12. The Stamp Act • Reaction by Parliament • aftermonths of protests in the colonies led to the repeal of the Stamp Act • helps build the foundation of the Right to Assemble in the 1st Amendment

  13. The Quartering Act • Required colonists to house British soldiers in their homes • Colonists were required to provide basic supplies to the soldiers • Protests begin to arise in the colonies • Helps build the basis for the 3rd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

  14. Section 5.4: The Townshend Acts • Origins • Charles Townshend, British Parliament • Bad colonists behavior showed need for more British troops in the colonies • Tax on items imported from Britain to the Colonies such as tea, glass, paint, and paper

  15. Section 5.4: The Townshend Acts • A Boycott of British Goods • Townshend Act equaled a hidden tax on goods to the colonists • Samuel Adams • John Adam’s cousin • Boston Patriot • wrote a letter protesting the Townshend Acts and sent it to every colony • Townshend Acts violated the rights of colonists and amounted to taxation w/o representation • letter leads to boycott of British goods • women were important in upholding the boycott

  16. The Townshends Acts • Repeal of the Townshend Acts • Lord North becomes leader of British Parliament • determined Townshend Acts were actually causing tax revenue to go down • all taxes on goods except tea were repealed by Parliament

  17. Section 5.5: The Boston Massacre • Details • Began as a fight which led to a small riot in Boston between soldiers and colonists • 5 Boston colonists dead and 10 injured • Boston Patriots continually harassed British Soldiers • British Soldiers prohibited to fire on colonists unless their life was threatened

  18. Section 5.5: The Boston Massacre • Mob Violence Breaks Out • Mob began throwing rocks and ice at British Soldiers outside the Boston Customs House • Mob knocks over British soldier to the ground and shots are fires • Crispus Attucks, African-American, and 4 others killed/10 injured • Crowd refuses to leave until they are promised a murder trial will take place

  19. Section 5.5: The Boston Massacre • Massacre or Self-Defense • Sam Adams • uses the Boston Massacre as an opportunity to stir up more protests • Paul Revere • makes a drawing showing soldiers firing on peaceful colonist • distributes the drawing throughout the colonies • Positions: • Patriots: all troops should leave • Loyalists: more troops are needed • John Adams (future President) • Boston Lawyer • belief that everyone has a right to a fair trial (6thAmendment) • agreed to defend the British soldiers in spite of personal costs • argued troops acted in self-defense • Verdicts • 6 soldiers found not guilty • 2 soldiers guilty of manslaughter

  20. Section 5.6: The Boston Tea Party • The Tea Act • British East India Tea Company • huge British Company held monopoly on the Tea trade • American boycott was bankrupting the company • 1773 Act is passed by Parliament • act was intended to save British East India Company and break up the American boycotts

  21. Section 5.6: The Boston Tea Party • Effects of The Tea Act • Results • lowered the costs of British tea below smuggled Dutch tea • granted monopoly of all colony tea sales to British East India Company • colonists viewed this as another attempt to tax w/o representation and feared future taxes on other goods

  22. Section 5.6: The Boston Tea Party • Tea Ships Arrive • British East India ships arrive in American ports • Colonists kept the ships from unloading their goods • Many ships attempt to return to England • Massachusetts Governor • orders navy to block all ships from leaving or entering Boston Harbor • demands the colonists allow the ships to unload their cargo • Sons of Liberty, December 16, 1773 • disguise themselves as Native Americans • 50 sneak aboard tea ships and dump the cargo into the Boston Harbor

  23. Section 5.7: The Intolerable Acts • Parliament Punishes Massachusetts • British Parliament and King George view the protest as fight for control over the colonies • Intolerable Acts passed to punish Massachusetts Colony actions in the Boston Tea Party

  24. Section 5.7: The Intolerable Acts • Effects of the Acts • Boston Harbor closed until tea was paid for • Massachusetts Governor/Assembly now controlled by England: no town meeting in Massachusetts • British soldiers accused of murder in the colonies were now to be tried in England • Additional British soldiers sent to Boston to enforce the new laws

  25. Section 5.7: The Intolerable Acts • 2 Opinions • King George believed the Intolerable Acts would force the colonists to conform • A few believed it would lead to open rebellion

  26. Section 5.7: The Intolerable Acts • The Colonies Begin to Unite • Colonists throughout Massachusetts and elsewhere began to support Boston and not England • closed shops • food and supplies sent to Boston • Virginia Response • everyone’s rights are in danger • called for a meeting of colonial delegates to work out a peaceful solution to the Intolerable Acts • Meeting leads to the 1st Continental Congress

  27. Section 5.7: The Intolerable Acts • The First Continental Congress • Why: • Response to the Intolerable Acts and the punishment of Boston • Attempt to find peaceful solution to Boston problem and the Intolerable Acts • September 1774 • 50 leaders from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia • Georgia sent no representatives • Patrick Henry, George Washington • mix of Loyalists and Patriots • Results • respectful letter sent to King George • Boycott would remain in effect until the Intolerable Acts were repealed • meeting scheduled for the following May if boycott failed

  28. Section 5.7: The Intolerable Acts • The Colonies Form Militias • Patriots form committees to enforce the boycott of British goods • Local militias organized in case the boycotts failed • British hopes of forcing the colonies to conform had failed

  29. Section 5.8: Lexington and Concord • The First Blow at Lexington • King George’s Response • refuses to listen to letter sent by Continental Congress • declares the colonies to be in open rebellion • orders General Gage to prepare to use force against the colonies

  30. Section 5.8: Lexington and Concord • Paul Revere’s Famous Ride • April 6, 1775: General Gage (British Commander) informed of colonial stash of weapons and gunpowder in Concord, MA. • 700 British troops ordered to march on Concord • Colonial spies learn of the British troop movements • Paul Revere and William Dawes warn the colonists

  31. Section 5.8: Lexington and Concord • Results • 8 colonists killed and 10 wounded near Lexington, MA • remaining militia members fled • colonists are defeated

  32. Section 5.8: Lexington and Concord • The Second Blow at Concord • Colonists moved the weapons and gunpowder out of Concord • British soldiers set fire to tools, gun carriages etc.. • Militia fear Concord may be burned by the British • Captain Davis moves militia towards British troops near Concord Bridge

  33. Section 5.8: Lexington and Concord • The Second Blow at Concord • British believe the militia members will run when fired upon • British open fire, kill Captain Davis • Militia return fire and British retreat

  34. Section 5.8: Lexington and Concord • Results • 74 British dead, 200 wounded or missing • 49 colonists dead, 41 wounded • colonial victory • Impact: For the first time British began to see that the American colonists were willing to stand and fight for rights they believed in

  35. Section 5.8: Lexington and Concord • Impact: For the first time British began to see that the American colonists were willing to stand and fight for rights they believed in

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