Biology 1111K

1. Biology 1111K Lecture 5

2. Slide 2 - genetics

3. Slide 3 - Alleles

4. Slide 4 – Dominant and recessive alleles

5. Slide 5 – homozygous dominant and recessive

6. Slide 6 - heterozygous

7. Slide 7 - genotype

8. Slide 8 - phenotype

9. Slide 9 – punnett square

10. Slide 10 - Mendel

11. Slide 11 – P or parent generation Parent 1 – TT • Homozygous dominant tall plants Parent 2 – tt • Homozygous recessive short plant

12. Slide 12 – F1 generation 100% heterozygous Tall plant

13. Slide 12 – F2 generation 25% Homozygous dominant tall plant 25% Homozygous recessive short plant 50% heterozygous dominant tall plants

14. Slide 14 – Laws of segregation

15. Slide 15 – dihybrid inheretance Flower color • Red flower – R • Yellow flower – r Petal length • Long petal – P • Short petal – p

16. Slide 16 – dihybrid test cross • 1/16 RRPP – Red flower and long petals dominant homozygous • 2/16 RRPp – Red flower dominant homozygous and long petals dominant heterozygous • 2/16 RrPP– Red flower dominant heterozygous and long petals dominant homozygous • 4/16 RrPp – Red flower and long petals dominant heterozygous • 2/16 Rrpp – Red flower dominant heterozygous and short petals recessive homozygous • 1/16 RRpp – Red flower dominant homozygous and short petals recessive homozygous • 2/16 rrPp – yellow flower recessive homozygous and long petals dominant heterozygous • 1/16 rrPP – yellow flower recessive homozygous and long petals dominant homozygous • 1/16 rrpp – yellow flower recessive homozygous and short petals recessive homozygous

17. Slide 17 – incomplete dominance Hair color • Black hair – B1 • Blond hair – B2 Hair texture • Course hair – C1 • Fine hair - C2

18. Slide 18 – test cross for incomplete dominance • 1/16 B1B1C1C1 – black and course hair dominant homozygous • 2/16 B1B1C1C2 – black hair dominant homozygous and course hair dominant heterozygous • 2/16 B1B2C1C1– brown hair heterozygous and course hair dominant homozygous • 4/16 B1B2C1C2 – brown hair and moderately course hair heterozygous • 2/16 B1B2C2C2 – brown hair heterozygous and fine hair recessive homozygous • 1/16 B1B1C2C2 – Black hair dominate homozygous and fine hair recessive homozygous • 2/16 B2B2C1C2– blond hair homozygous recessive and moderately course hair heterozygous • 1/16 B2B2C1C1 – blond hair recessive and course hair dominant homozygous • 1/16 B2B2C2C2 – blond hair and fine hair recessive homozygous

19. Slide 19 - codominance

20. Slide 20 – codominance and multiple alleles

21. Slide 21 – epistaisis and polygenic inheritance

22. Slide 22 – Autosomes and sex chromosomes

23. Slide 23 - Amniocentesis

24. Slide 24 - Chorionic Villus Sampling

25. Slide 25 - nondisjunction

26. Slide 26 - translocation

27. Slide 27 - Deletion

28. Slide 28 - Klinfelter syndrome (47 XXY)

29. Slide 29 – karyotype of Klinfelter’s

30. Slide 30 – Turner’s syndrome (45 X)

31. Slide 31 – Trisomy X (XXX)

32. Slide 32 – Trisomy XYY

33. Slide 33 – Trisomy 13

34. Slide 34 – Down’s Syndrome Low set ears Shorter, broader stature, shorter legs and arms Low nasal bridge and dorsum Abnormal and excessive facial fat distribution Short broad neck Flat facial profile, underdevelopment of middle third of face and smaller head (brachycephalic skull) Short broad hands with thick short fingers, fifth finger curves inward Small oral cavity, broad lips, and open mouth with protruding, enlarged tongue, fissured and congenitally missing teeth and delayed eruption of teeth

35. Slide 35 – Down’s syndrome

36. Slide 36 – Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)

37. Slide 37 – translocation 14/21 – Down’s syndrome

38. Slide 38 - Cri du chat syndrome

39. Slide 39 – genetic disorders

40. Slide 40 – Cystic fibrosis

41. Slide 41 – cystic fibrosis

42. Slide 42 – Tay Sachs disease

43. Slide 43 - Sickle cell disease

44. Slide 44 - Progeria

45. Slide 45 - Achondroplasia

46. Slide 46 - Polydactyly

47. Slide 47 – recombinant DNA technology

48. Slide 48 – bacterial/prokaryotic fission

49. Slide 49 – bacterial conjugation

50. Slide 50 – bacterial transformation