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Past and Future of Human-Nature Relationship: Tracing Ecological Stages

Explore the evolution of human interaction with nature across different stages like hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies, and the transition into industrial societies. From primitive tools to habitat management, witness the impact of human activities on the environment. What does the near future hold for our relationship with nature?

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Past and Future of Human-Nature Relationship: Tracing Ecological Stages

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  1. Humans and Nature:Ecological and Cultural Stages

  2. Humans vs. nature: Agricultural societies10,000-12,000 years ago Humans in nature: Early hunter-gatherers3 million years ago Humans in nature: Advanced hunter-gatherers1.5 million years ago Humans with nature: Sustainable societiesThe near future?? Humans vs. nature: Industrial societies1850 - present

  3. Early hunter-gatherers3 million years ago • Population densities: LOW • Energy sources: HUMAN MUSCLE POWER • Tools: PRIMITIVE (stone, bone, wood) • Effects on environment: MINIMAL Local effects on plant and animal populations due to over-harvesting

  4. Advanced hunter-gatherers1.5 million years ago • Population densities: LOW • Energy sources: HUMAN MUSCLE POWER, FIRE • Tools: PRIMITIVE (stone, bone, wood) • Effects on environment: LOW TO MODERATE • Local effects on plant and animal populations • Moderate effects due to mass killings of herd animals and use of fire to flush game

  5. Advanced hunter-gatherers1.5 million years ago “Pleistocene overkill”: • Pleistocene extinctions of certain large mammals may have been hastened by excessive hunting • E.g., Mammoths, mastodons, ground sloths in North America; certain primitive marsupials in Australia

  6. Advanced hunter-gatherers1.5 million years ago Primitive habitat management • Neolithic humans realized that burned-over areas attracted game (e.g., grazers to regenerating grasslands) • Used fire to manipulate habitat and draw in prey

  7. Agricultural societies10,000 – 12,000 years ago • Population densities: GENERALLY LOW, but -numerous VILLAGES (up to 500 people) -some TOWNS (up to 25,000 people) -a few CITIES / URBAN CENTRES • Energy sources: HUMAN MUSCLE POWER FIRE DOMESTIC ANIMALS WIND and WATER POWER in later phases

  8. Agricultural societies10,000 – 12,000 years ago • Tools: METAL, CERAMICS, GLASS • Effects on environment: MODERATE TO LOCALLY SEVERE Transition from nomadic or semi-nomadic to sedentary lifestyle Dawn of the NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: the development of AGRICULTURE in the new stone age

  9. Agricultural societies10,000 – 12,000 years ago

  10. Agricultural societies10,000 – 12,000 years ago

  11. Agriculture

  12. Agriculture

  13. Agriculture

  14. Agriculture

  15. Industrial societies

  16. Industrial societies

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