1. Humans and aging Olivia Wallden

2. Can aging be induced early? -High levels of stress -Not eating healthy -Not exercising

3. What are the symptoms of aging? Physical signs: -wrinkles on skin -hair grays and thins -gain weight -problems with organs -tooth decay -slower metabolism -trouble sleeping Mental signs: -memory loss -forgetfulness -slight mental decline -fluctuation of moods -development of diseases such as Alzheimer's

4. At what age do you think people begin to show signs of aging?

5. Why do we age? -Damage based theory: the concept that damage, either due to normal toxic by-products of metabolism or inefficient repair/defensive systems, accumulates throughout the entire lifespan and causes aging. -Programmed theories of aging the concept that defends that aging is a genetically-determined, programmed process.

6. What happens to us on a cellular level as we age? -A cell will no longer divide when the telomere is completely gone. The telomere exists on the tails of our coding DNA strands - Our hair grays because the pigment cells in our hair follicles that release the pigment melanin gradually die, and the pigment becomes more transparent -The human brain shrinks about 2-3% per decade, usually starting around 30 or 40 years old.

7. Does aging serve a biological purpose?

8. Does aging serve a biological purpose? Mammals -Increase in mortality with age -No oocyte regeneration -Limited tissue regeneration -Two sets of teeth Reptiles -No increase in mortality with age -Oocyte regeneration -Limb regeneration -Continuous tooth replacement

9. Does aging serve a biological purpose? -Species survival -Encourages evolution Crocodiles have a "fixed" life expectancy, and have evolved very little over millions of years.

10. Average life expectancy of white males and females

11. What is a disease? A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury

12. Can aging be cured?

13. Can aging be cured? -Telomerase repairs the telomere of a cell -Changing organs at regular intervals to increase lifespan of the brain -Enzymes and antioxidants can repair the damage caused by reactive oxygen species -Optimizing or enhancing DNA repair mechanisms

14. Can aging be cured? Seven forms of molecular/cellular damage: -Cell loss, tissue atrophy -Nuclear [epi]mutations (only cancer matters) -Mutant mitochondria -Death-resistant cells -Tissue stiffening -Extracellular aggregates -Intracellular aggregates These damages accumulate with age

15. If aging is cured, would you opt to be cured?

16. Is it ethical to cure aging?

17. Is it ethical to cure aging?