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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia. Fertile Crescent. Divided into: East Tigris and Euphrates river valleys (Mesopotamia) West Eastern Mediterranean coast. Influence of Geography. Rivers/Coastline Seaports/trade developed Lack of stone Clay for construction & writing Low, level plains

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Mesopotamia

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  1. Mesopotamia

  2. Fertile Crescent • Divided into: • East • Tigris and Euphrates river valleys (Mesopotamia) • West • Eastern Mediterranean coast

  3. Influence of Geography • Rivers/Coastline • Seaports/trade developed • Lack of stone • Clay for construction & writing • Low, level plains • No natural barriers to invasion

  4. Sumerians Babylonians Hebrews Phoenicians Lydians Hittites Assyrians Chaldeans Persians Peoples

  5. Sumerians • 4,000BC-Independent city-states • Contributions • Cuneiform on clay tablets • System of numbers based on 60 • Basis of time and rotation units • Architecture • Invented arch • Built ziggurats

  6. Babylonians • 1750 BC led by Hammurabi • Conquered other city-states • Contributions • Code of Hammurabi • Astronomy • Led to astrology

  7. Hebrews • 1400-1200 BC-moved from SE tip of Fertile Crescent to SW • Conquered by various Mesopotamian peoples • Contributions • Monotheism • Old Testament • Emphasis on high moral principles

  8. Phoenicians • 1200-800 BC-north of Palestine on Mediterranean coast • Traded throughout Mediterranean • Established colonies • Specialized in purple (royal color) • Contributions • Missionaries of civilization • Alphabet

  9. Lydians • After 1000 BC lived in Asia Minor • Contribution • Coinage of money

  10. Hittites • About 2000 BC appeared in northern Asia Minor (area rich in iron) • Contribution • Iron

  11. Assyrians • After 800 BC built an empire • Learned about iron from Hittites • Conquered Fertile Crescent/Egypt • Terrorized enemies and subjects • Contributions • Government • Divided empire into provinces • Built military roads • Library • Art

  12. Chaldeans • 612 BC overthrew Assyrians • Gained control of Fertile Crescent • Established 2nd Babylonian Empire • Contributions • Architecture • Nebuchadnezzar-Hanging Gardens of Babylon • Astronomy

  13. Persians • 6th century BC expanded from Plateau of Iran • Largest empire yet seen • Contributions • Government • Provinces ruled by satrap • Eyes and Ears of the King • Roads for military and trade • Coined money

  14. Persians (cont’d.) • Contributions • Spread of culture • Treated subject peoples humanely • Adopted ideas and practices from their conquered peoples • Stimulated interchange among peoples • Religion • Good and evil

  15. River Valley Civilizations Egypt Mesopotamia

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