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Overview of Computer Hardware, Networks, and Software Basics

This guide explores essential concepts in computer hardware, networking, and software. It delves into data storage units from kilobytes to exabytes and various computer types such as supercomputers, mainframes, and microcomputers. Learn about different secondary storage mediums including magnetic and optical devices, as well as general-purpose application programs like spreadsheets and word processing software. Additionally, it covers system control programs and programming languages utilized in software development, from machine language to object-oriented and web programming languages.

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Overview of Computer Hardware, Networks, and Software Basics

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  1. Hardware, Network, and Software

  2. Computer Organization

  3. Kilobyte 1,000 bytes (actually 1,024) Megabyte 1,000 kilobytes 106 bytes Gigabyte 109 bytes Terabyte 1012 bytes Petabyte 1015 bytes Exabyte 1018 bytes

  4. Types of Computers • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Minicomputers • Servers • Workstations • Microcomputers

  5. Types of Computers (cont’d) • Desktops • Laptops • Notebooks • Thin-clients • Network Computers • WINDOWS-BASED TERMINALS (WBTs)

  6. Types of Computers (cont’d) • Dumb terminals • smart card • Memory buttons • Embedded computers • personal digital assistants • (PDAs) • Global positioning systems • Tablet PC • Wearable computers

  7. Secondary Storage • Magnetic tape • Magnetic disks, or hard disks • redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) • magnetic diskette • Zip disks

  8. Optical storage devices • Compact disk read-only memory(CD-ROM) disks • Compact disk, rewritable (CD-RW) • DIGITAL VIDEO DISK (DVD). • FLUORESCENT MULTILAYER DISK (FMD-ROM).

  9. Tailor-made application software • off-the-shelf application software • general-purpose application programs

  10. General-purpose application programs • SPREADSHEETS • DATA MANAGEMENT • WORD PROCESSING • DESKTOP PUBLISHING • GRAPHICS (Presentation, Analysis, Engineering) • MULTIMEDIA( Presentation, Interactive)

  11. SYSTEMS SOFTWARE • controls and supports the computer hardware and its information processing activities. • facilitates the programming, testing, and debugging of computer programs. • Control, Support, and Development programs

  12. System control programs-Operating Systemjob, resource, and data management • Monitoring performance • Formatting diskettes • Correcting errors • Controlling the computer monitor • Providing and maintaining the user interface • Sending jobs to the printer • Starting (“booting”) the computer • Maintaining security and limiting access • Reading programs into memory • Locating files • Managing memory allocation to those programs • Detecting viruses • Placing files and programs in secondary storage • Compressing data • Creating and maintaining directories

  13. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES • Machine language • Assembly language • Procedural languages, Compilers, Interpreters. • Nonprocedural or fourth-generation language (4GL), • Natural language programming languages (NLPs)

  14. Object-Oriented Languages • VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES. • Web Programming Languages

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