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Reading GPS Time Series Plots

Reading GPS Time Series Plots. Roger Groom, UNAVCO Master Teaching-in-Residence Shelley Olds UNAVCO. GPS Basics. Need 3 satellite signals to locate the receiver in 3D space 4th satellite used for time accuracy Calculate position within sub-centimeter. Anatomy of a GPS Station.

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Reading GPS Time Series Plots

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  1. Reading GPS Time Series Plots Roger Groom, UNAVCO Master Teaching-in-Residence Shelley Olds UNAVCO

  2. GPS Basics • Need 3 satellite signals to locate the receiver in 3D space • 4th satellite used for time accuracy • Calculate position within sub-centimeter

  3. Anatomy of a GPS Station GPS antenna inside of dome, solidly attached into the ground with braces. If the ground moves, the station moves. Solar panel for power Equipment enclosure • GPS receiver • Power/batteries • Communications/ radio/ modem • Data storage/ memory

  4. Movement of GPS stations GPS station positions change as plates move. How will these stations’ positions change relative to one another?

  5. Processed GPS Data SBCC GPS STATION • Located near Mission Viejo, CA • Position data collected every 30 seconds • One position estimatedeveloped for each day • North • East • Vertical

  6. Starting with the basics: GPS Time Series Plot Y-axis: • North (N/S) • East (E/W) • Height (up/down) (sometimes called Vertical) • In millimeters Red data points are rapid position estimates X-axis: Date of the measurement In 10ths of year or months

  7. Units of measurement • X Axis • Typically in 10ths of year • Y Axis • Usually millimeters (but always check)

  8. Gaps in Data Causes • Power outages • Snow coverage • Equipment failure • Vandalism • Wildlife • Etc.

  9. Gum drop GPS station Build a gum-drop model of a GPS Monument • 1 gum drop for the receiver = GPS Receiver • 4 toothpicks (3 legs, one center post) = Monument braces • 3 small Playdoh feet = Cement • Small piece of transparency paper = ‘see-through’ Earth’s plate

  10. Gum-drop stations in action

  11. What direction is GPS monument A moving? GPS Monument A

  12. Plotting the GPS Position over time: North North vs Time GPS Monument A 5 4 3 2 1 0 North (mm) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Time (years)

  13. Plotting the GPS Position over time: North North vs Time GPS Monument A 5 4 3 2 1 0 North (mm) Time (years) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

  14. Plotting the GPS Position over time: East East vs Time GPS Monument A 5 4 3 2 1 0 East (mm) Time (years) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

  15. Plotting the GPS Position over time: East East vs Time GPS Monument A 5 4 3 2 1 0 East (mm) Time (years) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

  16. Plotting the GPS Position over time: Height Height vs Time GPS Monument A 5 4 3 2 1 0 Height (mm) Time (years) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

  17. Plotting the GPS Position over time: Height Height vs Time GPS Monument A 5 4 3 2 1 0 Height (mm) Time (years) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

  18. Summary • Positive slope (numbers getting larger) • North-south time series: The station is moving north • East-west time series: The station is moving east • Height time series: The station is moving up North (mm) East (mm) Height (mm) Time

  19. Plot North and East together 5 4 3 2 1 0 north 1 2 3 4 5 east GPS Monument A • Plot the location of the GPS station each year. • Draw an arrow from the first data point to the last data point. • Move your gum-drop GPS monument from year 2000’s position toward 2005’s position. What direction is your GPS monument moving?

  20. Step 2) What direction is GPS monument A moving? 5 4 3 2 1 north 1 2 3 4 5 east GPS Monument A • Plot the location of the GPS station each year. • Draw an arrow from the first data point to the last data point. • Move your gum-drop GPS monument from year 2000’s position toward 2005’s position. What direction is your GPS monument moving?

  21. Step 2) What direction is GPS monument A moving? 5 4 3 2 1 north 1 2 3 4 5 east GPS Monument A • Plot the location of the GPS station each year. • Draw an arrow from the first data point to the last data point. • Move your gum-drop GPS monument from year 2000’s position toward 2005’s position. What direction is your GPS monument moving?

  22. What direction is GPS monument B moving? GPS Monument B • Focus on the data for the North data • Is Monument B moving in a more positive or negative direction? • What direction is GPS Monument B moving? North or South? • Now, focus on the data for the East data • Is Monument B moving in a more positive or negative direction? • What direction is GPS Monument B moving? East or West?

  23. Plotting North and East Positions Together -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 north east GPS Monument B • Plot the location of the GPS station each year. • Draw an arrow from the first data point to the last data point. • Move your gum-drop GPS monument from year 2000’s position toward 2005’s position. What direction is your GPS monument moving?

  24. Plotting North and East Positions Together -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 north east GPS Monument B • Plot the location of the GPS station each year. • Draw an arrow from the first data point to the last data point. • Move your gum-drop GPS monument from year 2000’s position toward 2005’s position. What direction is your GPS monument moving?

  25. Plotting North and East Positions Together -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 north north east east GPS Monument B • Plot the location of the GPS station each year. • Draw an arrow from the first data point to the last data point. • Move your gum-drop GPS monument from year 2000’s position toward 2005’s position. What direction is your GPS monument moving?

  26. Moving south and west Negative slope • North-south time series: The station is moving south • East-west time series: The station is moving west • Height time series: The station is moving down North (mm) East (mm) Height (mm) Time

  27. What direction is this GPS station moving? Zero slope Is the GPS station moving? North (mm) Time Time

  28. What direction is this GPS station moving? Zero slope The station isn’t moving. How is GPS monument BURN moving? North (mm) Time Time

  29. Which car matches the graphs? A 1) What Direction? ________ Which car? (letter) ________ North East East (miles) North (miles) B E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  30. Which car matches the graphs? A 1) What Direction? ________ Which car? (letter) ________ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  31. Which car matches the graphs? A 1) What Direction? ________ Which car? (letter) ________ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  32. Which car matches the graphs? A 1) What Direction? North-Northeast Which car? (letter) _Car A__ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  33. Which car matches the graphs? A 2) What Direction? _______ Which car? (letter) ________ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  34. Which car matches the graphs? A 2) What Direction? _South_ Which car? (letter) __Car C__ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  35. Which car matches the graphs? A 3) What Direction? ______ Which car? (letter) ________ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  36. Which car matches the graphs? A 3) What Direction? Northwest_ Which car? (letter) ___Car B_ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  37. Which car matches the graphs? A 4) Draw the North and East Graphs What direction is Car E moving? __________ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  38. Which car matches the graphs? A 4) Draw the North and East Graphs What direction is Car E moving? ___East___ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  39. Which car matches the graphs? A 5) Draw the North and East Graphs What direction is Car D moving? _____________ North East B North (miles) East (miles) E Time (Hours) Time (Hours) North D C

  40. Which car matches the graphs? 5) Draw the North and East Graphs What direction is Car D moving? Southeast North East North (miles) East (miles) Time (Hours) Time (Hours) A North B E D C

  41. Reference Key

  42. What does GPS tell us about Iceland ? HOFN REYK

  43. GPS Monument REYK What direction is Monument REYK moving? North (mm) East (mm)

  44. GPS Monument HOFN What direction is Monument HOFN moving? North (mm) East (mm)

  45. What directions are Monument REYK and HOFN moving? REYK HOFN North (mm) North (mm) HOFN REYK East (mm) East (mm) towards each other, away from each other, or in the same direction?

  46. How quickly is REYK moving? in the North-South direction Average position on 1/1/1997 = ______ mm Average position on 1/1/2007 = ______ mm Speed of REYK north = ___ mm / 10 years = ____ / yr to the North or South North (mm)

  47. How quickly is REYK moving? in the North-South direction Average position on 1/1/1997 = _-135__ mm Average position on 1/1/2007 = __70____ mm Speed of REYK north = (70 - -135) mm / 10 years = 205 mm/ 10 yr = 20.5 mm / yr to the North Calculate the speed of REYK for in the east-west direction and the speed of HOFN for both north-south and east-west directions (hint, use 1998 and 2008 for HOFN). North (mm)

  48. How are quickly are REYK and HOFN moving? REYK HOFN North (mm) North (mm) REYK North = 20.5 mm/year HOFN North = 15.0 mm/year East (mm) East (mm) REYK EAST = -11.0 mm/year HOFN EAST = 13.0 mm/year

  49. Plotting vectors: north • Number each axis using the same scale. • Vector: magnitude and direction • Tail is the GPS monument location • Length of arrow is the magnitude • Shows direction on a map • GPS Monument REYK has moved 20.5 mm to the North per year • On your graph paper, each block represents 1 mm. Draw a vector arrow 20.5 blocks along the north axis.

  50. Plotting vectors: east • Now draw a vector arrow -11.0 blocks (mm) along the East axis:

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