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Mastering Punctuation: Semicolons and Colons Explained

This guide explores the effective use of semicolons and colons in writing. It covers how semicolons can connect independent clauses to create complex sentences and lists, and explains the correct use of colons before lists and quotations. Key examples include sentences about sports and oversized letters, illustrating their practical applications. The article also introduces a comprehensive list of conjunctive adverbs that enhance writing flow. Whether you're a student or a professional, mastering these punctuation marks will improve your writing clarity and sophistication.

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Mastering Punctuation: Semicolons and Colons Explained

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  1. Semicolons (the winky face ;) • Independent clause; independent clause. • The Ravens won the Superbowl; all 49er fans are depressed. Ha-ha!!!

  2. Independent clause; conjunctive adverb, independent clause. • The letter was oversized; therefore, it needed extra postage.

  3. List of conjunctive adverbs • Accordingly, additionally, also, besides, , comparatively, consequently, finally, further • Furthermore, elsewhere, equally, hence, henceforth • However, in addition, in comparison, in contrast, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, namely, nevertheless, now, otherwise, rather, similairly, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, therefore, thus, yet

  4. And the list goes on and on • The semicolon can help divide crazy lists: • The committee included Peter Wursthorn, Professor of Mathematics, from Marlborough, Connecticut; Virginia Villa, Professor of English, from Hartford, Connecticut; Paul Creech, Director of Rad-Tech, from Essex, Connecticut; and Joan Leach, Professor of Nursing, from Farmington, Connecticut.

  5. Use a colon before a list • What comes before the colon must be a complete sentence. • Please sumbit copies of the following documents: passport, birth certificate, and Social Security card.

  6. Use a colon before a long quotation • This is the last part of my letter: “Thank you for accepting our invitation to come speak. We look forward to your visit.”

  7. Colon in conventional situations • Digital time 8:30am • Biblical verse John 3:16 • Titles and Subtitles Street Smarts: A Pedestrian’s Guide • After a salutation of a business letter • To whom it may concern:

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