Chapter 30—

1. Chapter 30— An Era of Protest & Change 1960—1980 PART 1 of 2

2. SSUSH22— The student will identify dimensions of the Civil Rights Movement. • Explain the importance of President Truman’s order to integrate the United States military and the federal government. • Identify Jackie Robinson and the integration of baseball. • ExplainBrown v. Board of Education (1954) and efforts to resist the case. • Describe the significance of Martin Luther King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” and “I have a Dream” speech. • Describe the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

3. SSUSH24— The student will analyze the impact of social change movements and organizations of the 1960s. • Compare and contrast the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) tactics. • Describe the National Organization of Women and the origins and goals of the modern women’s movement. • Analyze the anti-Vietnam movement. • Analyze Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Worker’s movement. • Explain Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring and the environmentalist movement.

4. Early Demands for Equality Chapter 30 An Era of Protest & Change Main Idea: This Chapter discusses the rise of the counterculture and describes different protest movements that grew during the 1960s and 1970s, such as the women’s rights movement, the Chicano movement, and the environmental movement.

5. Issues Discussed in this Chapter Interaction with the Environment Women in American Society United States Immigration Policy

6. The Counterculture Rises Counterculture— Those who belonged to a movement in the 1960s that upheld values different from the national mainstream culture. The counterculture was rooted in the social and political events of the 1950s and continued the themes of the “Beat Movement” and “Civil Rights Movement” which challenged the traditional views held by society. The conflict in Vietnam and the involvement of the United States also effected the counterculture.

7. The Counterculture Rises Members of the counterculture valued spontaneity, youth, and freedom of expression. Also known as “Hippies,” these people valued peace, love, and freedom. The counterculture experimented with new styles of music, the recreational use of drugs, and freer attitudes toward sexual relationships eventually leading to the generation gap (the lack of understanding and communication between older and younger members of society).

8. Defining the Counterculture Rock-n-roll of the 1950s shaped the counterculture generation of the 1960s. The Beatles (a British rock band who toured the United States in 1964) and Bob Dylan defined a new era in music. Music was used as a weapon to reject the policies of the government.

9. Defining the Counterculture Modern art and literature of the 1950s also shaped the counterculture generation of the 1960s. The realistic paintings of common everyday items by Andy Warhol and the writings of Thomas Wolfe increased political activism./

10. By the end of the 1960s, many people (even within the counterculture) began to question the excesses of the movement . When the movement ended in the late 1960s, many in the counterculture worked themselves back into the mainstream America by marrying, working, and having families. The seeds of protest would influence the growing “rights revolution” changing the traditional cultural landscape of the 1970s. The Counterculture Ends

11. 1. What was the “Counterculture,” and what impact did it have on United States society? The counterculture was a movement among young people that challenged the traditional ideas and customs of society. It changed social and political boundaries and cultural values in the 1960s and 1970s. “An Era of Protest & Change”(p. 1)

12. Historians refer to the women’s rights movement of the 1960s as the second wave of feminism (the theory of political, social, and economic equality of both men and women). The movement emphasized the struggle of women’s rights dating back to the Declaration of Sentiments in 1848. A Women’s Movement Arises

13. A Women’s Movement Arises The civil rights struggle prompted women to look at ways in which society judged and discriminated them as a group. Betty Freidan— A leader in the feminist movement who wrote The Feminist Mystique (1963) which questioned the “is this all” life of a housewife, and organized the National Organization of Women.

14. A Women’s Movement Arises Changes for women and the workforce did exist, but discrimination and the “glass ceiling” prevented many women from climbing the male-dominated corporate ladder. Facing restrictions, women increasingly demanded equal treatment in the workplace./

15. A Voice for Women • National Organization of Women (NOW)— Women’s rights organization which dedicated itself to winning “true equality for all women” and to attaining “full and equal partnership of the sexes.” • NOW set out to break down the barriers of discrimination in the workplace and education.

16. A Voice for Women Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)— A proposed amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee gender equality under the law (it never passed). Some found NOW to be too moderate and rallied behind Gloria Steinem (radical feminist and founder of Ms. magazine to promote radical feminist ideals).

17. A Voice for Women

18. A Voice for Women Many Americans, both men and women, began to challenge the women’s movement as too radical. Phyllis Schlafly— A conservative political activist who denounced women’s liberation as “a total assault on the family, on marriage, and on children” and worked to defeat ERA.

19. Lasting Effects of the Women’s Movement Women eventually used the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to gain legal protection. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)— Created to enforce the federal prohibition on job discrimination. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 made it illegal to deny women credit due to gender.

20. 2. What led to the rise of the modern Women’s Rights movement, and what was its impact on society in the United States? The civil rights movement and earlier women’s suffrage movement inspired the women’s movement. Women gained legal rights and more rights and protections in the workplace. “An Era of Protest & Change”(p. 1)