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Class Structure

Class Structure. Informal but respectful Cell Phones Dinner/food Communication – WU email Schedule. Syllabus. tASKSTREAM. Taskstream: What is it? Have you accessed it ? If not, do so ASAP Attitudes and Disposition Inventory (TaskStream)

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Class Structure

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  1. Class Structure • Informal but respectful • Cell Phones • Dinner/food • Communication – WU email • Schedule

  2. Syllabus

  3. tASKSTREAM • Taskstream: What is it? Have you accessed it? If not, do so ASAP • Attitudes and Disposition Inventory (TaskStream) • This is a survey that must be completed in the next two weeks - you will take the same survey before graduation

  4. Tonight • Overview • Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud • Psychosocial Development Erik Erikson • History of School Counseling – 1900-1920s

  5. Theory • Logical • Precision and Clarity • Comprehensive • Testable • Useful Theory can be described as “a group of logically organized laws or relationships that constitute explanation in a discipline” (Heinen, 1985, p. 414)

  6. Definitions for Counseling and Psychotherapy • Counseling • For “normal” individuals • Educational and informational • Done in schools and • guidance clinics • Done by counselors • Clients • Brief work that is situational • or educational • Psychotherapy • For “disturbed” individuals • Personal/ facilitative (help the forward progress of an individual) • Done in hospital • Done by psychiatrists • Patients • Long-term, in-depth work seeking to reconstruct personality Are these valid distinctions? Is there overlap between these concepts?

  7. Overview of Therapies • Psychoanalysis- Unconscious, early relationships, inborn drives • Jungian- Dreams, Fantasies • Adlerian- Family relationships, Change for the better • Existential-Philosophical, life themes, finding meaning • Person Centered- understanding and caring for the client, therapeutic relationship • Gestalt-self awareness, knowing oneself

  8. Overview of Therapies • Behavior- Conditioning, reinforcement/ punishment to shape behavior • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy- changing irrational thoughts • Cognitive Therapy- understanding one’s belief system • Reality Therapy-taking responsibility for one’s actions, making a plan • Constructivist Therapy- therapist tries to understand clients perspective • Feminist Therapy- gender roles and social psychology • Family Therapy- Family relationships as a unit

  9. Classifying Counseling Theories • Affective (feeling) * Person-centered counseling * Gestalt therapy • Behavior (behaving) * Behavioral counseling * Reality therapy * Individual psychology • Cognitive (thinking) * Rational-emotive behavioral therapy * Cognitive behavioral therapy * Psychoanalytic counseling * Transactional analysis

  10. Psychoanalysis • What do we know? Sigmund Freud 1856-1939

  11. Sigmund Freud • Well known • Disliked • Freud said things that most people would rather not know • Unconscious motives and Unconscious dynamics/conflicts

  12. CONSCIOUS • CONSCIOUS MIND • YOUR AWARENESS AT ANY MOMENT • PRESENT PERCEPTIONS, MEMORIES, THOUGHTS, FEELINGS • PRECONSCIOUS • ANY MEMORY YOU CAN EASILY AND READILY BRING TO MIND • UNCONSCIOUS • SOURCE OF MOTIVATION TOWARD ALL THINGS SIMPLE AND COMPLEX

  13. ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

  14. ID and EGO EGO • First year of child’s life. “It” becomes “I” • Ego moves into consciousness and searches for things to satisfy Id’s drives. • Works with reality principle- Take care of need as soon as appropriate object is found • Represents reason ID • WHAT FREUD TERMS THE BASIC ORGANISM (ALSO THOUGHT OF AS THE BASIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WHICH TRANSLATES AN ORGANISMS NEEDS). • DEALS WITH PLEASURE PRINCIPLE-A DEMAND TO TAKE CARE OF NEEDS IMMEDIATELY (HUNGRY INFANT)

  15. Super Ego • Not complete until around age seven, if completed at all Two aspects of superego: 1. Conscience-remembers warnings and punishments 2. Ego Ideal- remembers rewards and positive feedback • These two communicate with ego feelings of pride, shame (adds morality)

  16. ID, Ego & Superego

  17. 5 Stages of Personality Development Oral Stage • Birth-18 months • Eating and sucking • Oral fixation: Child becomes dependent on the mother

  18. 5 Stages of Personality Development Anal Stage • 18 months and 3 years • Potty training stage • Anal area source of pleasure • Anal retentive- need for order and structure (OCD) • Anal expulsive- need for destruction

  19. 5 Stages of Personality Development Phallic Stage • 3-6 years old • Genital area becomes source of pleasure • Castration anxiety- teaching boys masturbation is bad can lead to fear of loss of penis • Penis envy- girls wonder what they did wrong to loose theirs. • Oedipus Complex- boys feel sexual desire for mothers and resent fathers • Eventually identify with father and learn to like opposite sex • Or could result in sexual identity problems

  20. 5 Stages of Personality Development Latency Stage • 6-12 years • Freud’s lull • Sexual energy not present and children can focus on other aspects of life

  21. 5 Stages of Personality Development Genital Stage • Sexual energy is aimed at opposite sex • Healthy adult stage Sigmund Freud Documentary Part 3 of 3

  22. Defense Mechanisms • When ego is faced with too much anxiety from dealing with the id, ego, and superego it uses defense mechanisms to block anxious thoughts and distort them into a less threatening form.

  23. Therapy/ Therapist

  24. Assessment • Continuous throughout therapy because focuses on past, dreams, unconscious so therapist is constantly digging Psychoanalytic Techniques • Free Association • Dream Analysis • Interpretation • Analysis and Interpretation of Resistance • Analysis and Interpretation of Transference/Countertransference

  25. Who is Erikson and why do we care???

  26. Erik Erikson- Psychosocial Stages (Ego psychology) • Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust • Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt • Preschool: Initiative Vs. Guilt • School Age: Industry Vs. Inferiority • Adolescence: Identity Vs Role Confusion • Young Adulthood: Intimacy Vs. Isolation • Middle Age: Generativity vs. Stagnation • Later Life: Integrity vs. Despair

  27. Last note on Erikson… Erik Erikson's 8 psychosocial stages

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