1. Gases

2. Gases expand to fill their containers Gases are fluid – they flow Gases have low density 1/1000 the density of the equivalent liquid or solid Gases are compressible Gases effuse and diffuse The Nature of Gases

3. 1) Which statement about atmospheric pressure is false?  • A) As air becomes thinner, its density decreases. • B) Air actually has weight. • C) With an increase in altitude, atmospheric pressure increases as well. • D) The colder the air, the lower the atmospheric pressure

4. Ideal Gases Ideal gases are imaginary gases that perfectly fit all of the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory. • Gases consist of tiny particles that are • far apart relative to their size. • Collisions between gas particles and between • particles and the walls of the container are • elastic collisions • No kinetic energy is lost in elastic • collisions

5. Ideal Gases (continued) • Gas particles are in constant, rapid motion. • They therefore possess kinetic energy, the • energy of motion • There are no forces of attraction • between gas particles • The average kinetic energy of gas • particles depends on temperature, not • on the identity of the particle.

6. Pressure Pressure is the force created by the collisions of molecules with the walls of a container

7. 2) A gas at a pressure of 10.0 Pa exerts a force of __________ N on an area of 5.5 m2 A) 55 B) 0.55 C) 5.5 D) 1.8 E) 18

8. 1 standard atmosphere (atm) 101.3 kPa (kilopascals) 14.7 lbs/in2 760 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury) 760 torr Standard Pressure

9. 3) A pressure of 1.00 atm is the same as a pressure of __________ of mm Hg. A) 193 B) 101 C) 760 D) 29.9 E) 33.0

10. Measuring Pressure The first device for measuring atmospheric pressure was developed by Evangelista Torricelli during the 17th century. The device was called a “barometer” • Baro = weight • Meter = measure

11. An Early Barometer The normal pressure due to the atmosphere at sea level can support a column of mercury that is 760 mm high.

12. 4) In a Torricelli barometer, a pressure of one atmosphere supports a 760 mm column of mercury. If the original tube containing the mercury is replaced with a tube having twice the diameter of the original, the height of the mercury column at one atmosphere pressure is __________ mm. • A) 380 • B) 760 • C) 1.52x103 • D) 4.78 x 103 • E) 121

13. The Kelvin Scale

14. Either of these: • 273 Kelvin (273 K) • 0 C Standard Temperature and Pressure“STP” • And any one of these: • 1 atm • 101.3 kPa • 14.7 lbs/in2 (psi) • 760 mm Hg • 760 torr

15. 4) One significant difference between gases and liquids is that __________. • A) a gas is made up of molecules • B) a gas assumes the volume of its container • C) a gas may consist of both elements and compounds • D) gases are always mixtures • E) All of the above answers are correct.