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Ch. 12 The Age of Jackson

Explore the presidency of Andrew Jackson, the first Western President, and the major issues he faced, including Native American removal and conflicts over states' rights. Learn about Jackson's background, his policies, and the impact of his presidency.

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Ch. 12 The Age of Jackson

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  1. BY: MR. CONNOLLY Ch. 12 The Age of Jackson

  2. Jackson’s Presidency • Seen by many as a turning point • First Western President • Age of the Common Man- growth of involvement by citizens in public life

  3. 1824 – John Quincy Adams beats Andrew Jackson for the Presidency • Jackson feels robbed by a “corrupt bargain” • Jackson tells people that Adams represents the wealthy

  4. The Democratic-Republican party splits • Those that support Jackson- Democrats • Jackson’s opponents - Whigs

  5. Adams had big plans • Build canals and roads • Aid education and science Congress is full of Jackson’s buddies, and they prevent any of Adams’ plans from happening

  6. 1828 • More people can vote! • Voter restrictions go down almost all over the country

  7. Jacksonian democracy • End of property qualifications • Spoils system • New forms of campaigning

  8. Changing Politics • Nominating conventions • Campaign methods

  9. Jackson was from a humble background • People saw him as a champion of the everyday man

  10. Jackson the Man • Studied law • Bought and sold land • Fought in war of 1812 • Became a national hero for the Battle of New Orleans • “Old Hickory”

  11. Soon after becoming President, his wife dies

  12. All kinds of people show up to the Inauguration, rich and poor • The party at the White House was so wild that Jackson fled and stayed at a hotel

  13. Jackson had been fighting all of his life, but he had another one ahead • 3 major issues: • The status of Native Americans • The rights of the states • The role of the Bank of the United States

  14. Visual Summary MAJOR ISSUES OF JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY Back toTransparencies

  15. Jackson’s Policy Toward Native Americans

  16. The Five Civilized Tribes • 100,000 Native Americans still in the Southeast • Cherokee • Chickasaw • Choctaw • Creek • Seminole

  17. The Cherokee • Had their own constitution • Their own newspaper • But when gold was discovered, the government comes up with a plan to get rid of them

  18. The Cherokee Alphabet

  19. Jackson and the Indians • Jackson believed that Native Americans could ally with foreign invaders • They can either adopt white culture • Or go west • That’s it!

  20. Jackson believed removing Native Americans would help them maintain their culture • ??????

  21. Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect Back toTransparencies

  22. Indian Removal Act of 1830 • The government begins to negotiate to send the Indian tribes West • Trade Eastern lands for Western lands • Give them money food and rifles for one year • It wasn’t much of a negotiation

  23. The Cherokee resist moving • Cherokee Nation v. Georgia • John Marshall rules that the Cherokee are a dependent nation • Federal, not state law

  24. Worcester v. Georgia • Georgia passes a law in 1830 • Any white person living with Cherokee without a license will go to jail • Sam Worcester becomes a victim

  25. John Marshall frees Worcester, and determines that the Cherokee are not bound by state law • Jackson doesn’t care

  26. By 1838, the government comes for the Cherokee • Over 16,000 Cherokee are forced from their homes and put into camps • That winter, they are force marched from Georgia to Oklahoma

  27. BACK TO LESSON Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840 Back to Maps

  28. Over a quarter of them died along the way • Called the Trail of Tears

  29. Conflict Over States’ Rights

  30. Sectionalism is pulling the country apart

  31. There are three big issues • Sale of public lands • Internal improvements • tariffs

  32. Sale of public land • The government is raising money by selling land out West • Northeasterners don’t want the land sold cheap • They will lose workers in the factories • Westerners want cheap land to settle the areas

  33. Internal improvements • Northeasterners and Westerners wanted more roads and canals • Food and raw materials can go to the Northeast • Manufactured goods can go West • Southerners didn’t want these things • Paid for by tariffs

  34. The Trouble with Tariffs • Southerners are growing so much cotton that they ship it to England and France • They buy stuff from these countries, but have to pay extra in tariffs • Southern economy depends on foreign trade, but foreign goods cost more

  35. This leads to conflict between North and South

  36. 1828- J.Q. Adams raises tariffs • The South goes nuts! • They call this tariff the Tariff of Abomination (an abomination is a hateful thing)

  37. John C. Calhoun comes up with nullification to combat the tariff • A state can refuse to obey a federal law that it considers unconstitutional

  38. This was an OLD argument: states’ rights • Some supported a strong federal government • Andrew Jackson • Daniel Webster • Some supported the states • John C. Calhoun • Senator Hayne

  39. Daniel Webster- a senator from Mass. And one of the greatest speakers of his time • “It is the people that make up the Union, not the states” • “Liberty and Union, now and forever”

  40. Webster and Hayne engage in a debate over nullification

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