1. The DigestiveSystem By: Michelle Akerman Period 7

2. The Digestive System is responsible of breaking food into very small molecules that can pass out of the digestive system into the circulatory system. • It takes 2 to 3 days for it to be completed. Function

3. There are two types of digestion: • Mechanical Digestion: the physical breaking apart of food. • Chemical Digestion: when enzymes break food into molecules that our body can absorb. • Both of them happen in our mouth. Digestion

4. Beginning of the digestive tract. • The mouth is composed of several parts but this are the main ones: • Teeth: bones that help squish the food so it is easier to swallow. • Tongue: after the food is all squished, this muscle pushes the food down the esophagus. • Saliva: Substance produced by the salivary glands that mainly contains enzymes and proteins. Saliva has an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks apart carbohydrates. The Mouth

5. Located in the throat near the trachea. • It is in charge of taking the food from the throat to the stomach. • There is a series of muscular contractions that occur in the esophagus known as peristalsis, that helps the food be able to go down. • Measures about 8 inches long Esophagus The Esophagus

6. It is responsible for turning and mixing food with other enzymes and juices to break down linings and fats. • The stomach is about the size of your fist. • It is covered with a lining of mucus so that it isn’t burned by the acids that break down the food. • After four hours have passed, the food inside the stomach turns into a soup of molecules called chyme. The Stomach

7. Organ that is mainly responsible of absorbing most of the nutrients in our food. • Composed by three parts: • Duodenum: where digestive juices from the liver and pancreas join the break down; they turn the chyme into a soup of molecules. • Jejunum: supports the absorption of carbohydrates and proteins. • Ileum: measures about 12 feet long and is responsible for the absorption of fats, and salts. • Isn’t very small, it measures about 7 meters long. • Lined with villi. • Cells on the surface of the villi, absorb nutrients from chyme as it goes by. • Also called small bowel. The Small Intestine

8. Itis in charge of convertingthefoodweeatintoenergyourcells can use. • It has twomainfunctions: • Exocrinefunction: helps in digestion • Endocrine function: regulates blood in sugar Pancreas

9. It has many responsibilities, but it is mainly responsible for processing the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. • It plays an important part in the digestion of fats with the bile it has. •  It takes the substances absorbed by the intestine and makes all the chemicals the body needs to work properly. • The liver has two parts, the right lobe and the left lobe. The Liver

10. Responsible for storing and concentrating bile, so it can then release it into the small intestine. • This bile is very important because it helps break down fats and stabalizes acids. • Stores about 50ml of bile. The Gallbladder

11. Responsible for sucking out water from chyme in a process called absorption. • Shorter than the small intestine but wider. • Also called the colon. • 6 foot muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum. • It is made up by five parts: • Cecum • The ascending colon • The transverse colon • The descending colon • The sigmoid colon • Like the esophagus, waste is moved through the large intestine by peristalsis. • It takes about 36 hours for waste to get through the large intestine. • When the colon is full of stool, or waste, it empties the waste into the rectum, and it’s time to go to the bathroom.. The LargeIntestine

12. Food enters the mouth. • The teeth squish the food so it is easier to swallow. • The tongue pushes the food down the esophagus. • The esophagus squeezes the food down to the stomach. • Food is turned and mixed with enzymes in the stomach. • After four hours in the stomach, chyme moves into the small intestine. • It first passes through the duodenum where digestive juices from the liver and pancreas join the breakdown and make it into a soup of molecules. • Then, the soup of molecules goes to the large intestine. • The chyme goes through absorption. • Waste accumulates at the rectum. • Time to go to the bathroom. Watchthis video tounderstand and learntheprocess in a funway: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sDMVgw9d-c Process

13. The liver can lose three-quarters of its cells before it stops functioning. • The liver is the only organ in the body that can regenerate itself. • We make 1 to 3 pints of saliva a day. • An adults stomach can hold approximately 1.5 liters of material. • The liver is the largest organ in the body and performs more than 500 functions. • Muscles contract in waves to move the food down the esophagus. This means that food would get to a person's stomach, even if they were standing on their head FunFacts

14. Dysphagia - Difficulty swallowing.  • Peritonitis - Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity. • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to reflux (regurgitate, backup) into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining, causing a painful “heartburn”. Diseases

15. Muscular System: It is related because it help the food be able to get around in the large intestine and esophagus (peristalsis). • Circulatory System: The liver helps produce blood. • Respiratory System: It is related because they work together to provide energy to body cells. Also if it weren´t for the respiratory system the organs in the digestive system wouldn’t work due to the lack of oxygen, and if it weren’t for the digestive system, the respiratory system wouldn’t function correctly due to the lack of fuel, that powers the organs. Homeostasis

16. Pictures: • http://lifewithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/detox-nutrients.jpg • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/oralanatomy.jpg • http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/media/medical/hw/hwkb17_073_002.jpg • http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/999/flashcards/743999/jpg/chyme1318681801224.jpg • http://us.cdn4.123rf.com/168nwm/eraxion/eraxion1304/eraxion130400098/19040146-3d-rendered-illustration-of-esophagus-cancer.jpg • http://www.medicalinsider.com/images/liver.jpg • http://findfunfacts.appspot.com/human_body/pancreas.html • http://www.futurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/pancreas_1.jpg • http://images.laws.com/mesothelioma/difficulty-swallowing.jpg?200 Websites: • http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/digestivesystem/ • http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/liver_biliary_pancreatic_disease/liver_anatomy_function/Pages/index.aspx • http://pancreasmd.org/education_home.html • http://www.dmu.edu/medterms/digestive-system/digestive-system-diseases/ • https://sites.google.com/site/digestivesystem3051/fun-facts-2 Bibliography