1 / 16

The Muslim World - Achievements

The Muslim World - Achievements. Objectives. Essential Questions How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning? What were some contributions of Islamic civilization?.

agerman
Télécharger la présentation

The Muslim World - Achievements

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Muslim World - Achievements

  2. Objectives • Essential Questions • How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning? • What were some contributions of Islamic civilization? • Student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 C.E. by • Citing cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization

  3. Rise of Muslim Urban Centers • Cordoba • Located in modern-day Spain • Umayyad capital • Population of over 500,000 • Mix of Muslims, Christians, and Jews created a cosmopolitan atmosphere • Center of Muslim culture • 70 libraries, 700 mosques, and 27 free schools • Damascus • Located in modern day Syria • Known for its fine cloth called damask and for outstanding steel and armor • Cultural center of Islamic learning

  4. Damascus Cordoba

  5. City Building and Architecture • City of Baghdad • Abbasid capital • Selected in 762 C.E. along the Tigris river • 100,000 architects, workers, etc. to build the city • At it’s peak a population of over 1 million • Unique circular design call the “round city” • Three protective walls ringed the city • Caliph’s palace located in inner most circle along with grand mosque • Cairo • Located in modern-day Egypt • The Fatimid capital

  6. Social Structure • Role of women • As believers, men and women are equal according to the Qur’an • “Men are the managers of women’s affairs” and “righteous women are therefore obedient” • Shari’a law gave women specific legal rights concerning marriage, family, and property • More rights than European women of the time period • Could have access to education • Main responsibility was to raise children • Muslim society was made up of four social classes • Upper class • Born Muslim • Paid least amount of taxes • Second class • Converts to Islam • Paid a higher tax that upper class, but lower than bottom two classes • Protected people • Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians • Slaves • Prisoners of war, non-Muslims • Performed household work or fought in military

  7. Muslim Scholarship • Protection of European knowledge • Muslim leaders and scholars helped to preserve and expand ancient knowledge from Europe, Persia, and India • Houses of Wisdom • First library/academy opened in early 800s in Baghdad • Translated works into Arabic • 1ST universities Arabic language • Became the language of learning and scholarship • Advancement of scholarship • Practical concerns • Relied on math and astronomy to calculate prayers times and the direction of Mecca • Deep curiosity • Quest for truth that dated back to Muhammad • Emphasis on study and scholarship

  8. Medical Advances/ Science and technology Astronomy • Compasses used to locate the direction of Mecca • Figured out the exact times for prayer and length of Ramadan • Study of Optics • Used to develop telescopes and microscopes Geography • Calculated Earth’s circumference within 9 miles of its correct value • Produced a world atlas with dozens of maps • Compass • al-Razi • Greatest physician of the Muslim world • Wrote encyclopedia called the Comprehensive book • Believed patients would recover better if they were exposed to clean air • Hospital experiment

  9. Mathematics/ Science • Spread Indian concept of zero • used Arabic numerals • Al- Khwarizmi • Born in Baghdad in late 700s C.E. • Studied Indian sources rather than Greek • Wrote textbook explaining Algebra • Al-jabr • Two major ideas introduced by Muslim Scholars • Reliance on scientific observation and experimentation • Mathematics as the basis of all knowledge

  10. Philosophy • Ibn Sina • Most famous philosopher • All knowledge from God, had proof that the soul was immortal • Translated the works of the Greek philosophers into Arabic • IbnRushd • Tried to harmonize Greek writings of Aristotle and Plato with Islam • Was attacked by some religious thinkers • Argued both beliefs had the same goal- to find truth

  11. Muslim Literature • The Sufis known for their poetry • Focused on mystical experiences with God • Popular literature • The Thousand and One Nights • Collection of fairy tales, parables, and legends Strong tradition of literature in Arabia before arrival of Islam • Bedouin poets Qur’an is the standard for all Arabic literature and poetry • Poetry sang praises of Muhammad and of Islam

  12. Muslim Art and Architecture Architecture • Greatest cultural blending • Blend of Byzantine, Persian, and European influences Mosques • Usually had a minaret (tower) and a prayer room inside • Variety of design styles that reflected the diversity of Muslim lands • Arab rich artistic traditions were enhanced by Islam • Islam forbade depiction of living things • based on the idea that only Allah can create life • Led to development of Calligraphy • Art of beautiful handwriting

  13. Architecture Dome of the Rock The Great Mosque in Mecca

More Related