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The Muslim World - Movements and Achievements

The Muslim World - Movements and Achievements. Essential Questions. What caused the split between the Sunni and Shi’a? How are these two groups still similar to one another? What were five science or math advancements of the Muslim World?

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The Muslim World - Movements and Achievements

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  1. The Muslim World - Movements and Achievements

  2. Essential Questions • What caused the split between the Sunni and Shi’a? • How are these two groups still similar to one another? • What were five science or math advancements of the Muslim World? • What other influences does the Muslim World have on us today?

  3. Movements within Islam Notes

  4. When & Why • In 661 C.E., the prophet Muhammad passed away and a family known as the Umayyads rose to power. • They set up a hereditary system of succession and moved the capital of the Muslim World to Damascus in Syria. • They also began to surround themselves with wealth and ceremony similar to that of non-Muslim rulers.

  5. Abbasid Dynasty • 750 C.E. • Shiites revolted against Umayyaads created own dynasty called “Abbassid” dynasty • Capital: Baghdad • Period of enlightenment • achievements

  6. Sunni • caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community • viewed caliphs as leaders, not religious authorities • comprise 90% of Islam followers

  7. Shi’a (Shi’ite) • believed that the only true successor to Muhammad were descendents of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law (Fatima and Ali) • believed descendents were divinely inspired • most are located in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen

  8. Sunni and Shi’a • one God • look to Qur’an for guidance • make hajj to Mecca

  9. Muslim Achievements Notes

  10. City Building and Architecture • City of Baghdad • 100,000 architects, workers, etc. to build the city • “round city”

  11. City Building and Architecture • Mosques • Usually had a minaret (tower) and a prayer room inside • Variety of design styles that reflected the diversity of Muslim lands

  12. The Great Mosque in Mecca

  13. Scholarship and Learning • Arabic language • Became the language of learning and scholarship

  14. Scholarship and Learning • World’s first universities • Ibn Sina • Most famous philosopher • All knowledge from God, had proof that the soul was immortal

  15. Science and Technology • Zoology • The scientific study of animals • Astronomy • Compasses used to locate the direction of Mecca • Figured out the exact times for prayer and length of Ramadan

  16. Science and Technology • Underground Wells • Used to bring water to cities from reservoirs, sometimes 50 feet underground

  17. Geography and Navigation • Calculated Earth’s circumference within 9 miles of its correct value • Produced a world atlas with dozens of maps • Compass

  18. Mathematics • Al-Khwarizmi “the father of algebra” • Spread Indian concept of zero, used Arabic numbers

  19. Medicine • First world hospitals • Al-Razi realized that infections were caused by bacteria

  20. Bookmaking and Literature • A Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights) • Rumi, wrote Islamic mysticism

  21. Art and Music • Rejected images of humans or animals in visual art, used shapes and patterns • Calligraphy, beautiful handwriting • mosaics • First conservatory, or music school

  22. Recreation • Polo: “sport of kings” and on horseback • Chess: adapted and improved the game

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