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Disaster Management. Rohan R Patil. Introduction. India is one of the most disaster prone countries. On an average about 5000 people die 51 million are affected every year due to floods. Definition.
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Disaster Management Rohan R Patil
Introduction • India is one of the most disaster prone countries. • On an average about 5000 people die • 51 million are affected every year due to floods.
Definition • “A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society causing widespread human, material, economic and environmental losses which exceeds the ability of the affected communities or society to cope using its own resources” -United nation
Types of Disaster • Sudden onset natural phenomenon -Flood, cyclones • Slow onset natural phenomenon -Drought • Sudden onset events -Accidents, civil wars • Slow onset events -HIV epidemic, occupational hazard
Why disaster are so important? • Affect the poor the most. • Absolute level of disaster is increasing. • Pose significant and growing threats to development. • Globally 25% of the world’s land mass and 75% of its population are at risk.
Relation between poverty and disaster H V • Disaster= ____________________ C H=Hazard V=Vulnerability C=Capacity
SPHERE standard ‘code of conduct’ • People affected have a right to be supported • Disaster affected people not to be treated as passive recipients • Humanitarian imperative comes first • Local culture and customs should be respected • Relief aid must strive to reduce vulnerability • Disaster affected should be recognized with dignity
Common disaster in India • Drought -meteorological -Agricultural -Hydrological • Cyclone- refers to an area closed, circular motion rotating in the same direction as the earth • Earthquake- sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves • River erosion
Response after flood • Rescue and evacuation to safer place • Temporary shelter • Food and nutrition • Safe drinking water • Environmental sanitation • Non food items • Hygiene kits(soap, sanitary napkins, ORS)
Temporary shelter • In extreme condition people forced to live in relief camps • Ensure security and safety • Shelters should have lessened the impact of disaster- ‘Disaster Risk Reduction’ • Application of ‘Sphere Standard’
Food and Nutrition • Assess the nutrition of children 7-59 months, women and adolescents • MUAC is the way to assess in emergency • BMI is the most preferred indicator • Application of sphere standard
Safe drinking water • Purification of dirty water • Disinfection of drinking sources - eg. Tube well • Water sanitation and health -construction of temporary toilet • Non food items -eg. clothes
Response after cyclone • Most predictable disaster • Worst affected should be at safe place • Psycho-social counseling of victims • Let victims lead life of ‘Normalcy -let them to go back to their villages -electricity restored -schools reopen -let them live ‘traditional livelihood’
Response to Drought • Is a slow impact disaster • Collection of rainfall data • Expertise from key society actors • Provide employment through cash or food -national rural employment guarantee act -public distribution system • Create community structures
Response to river erosion • Vulnerable on geographic location • Most pressing short term needs • Rescue and evacuation • Shelter • Food and water • Clothes • Sanitation • Hygiene kits • Protection of young boys and girls
Response after earthquake • Immediate response -searching for survivors -provide medical attention -meet immediate needs • ‘Disaster Risk reduction’ • ‘Community wisdom’
Response after tsunami • Address the high risk community • Rescue • Care of injured • Temporary shelter • Removal and disposal of dead • Food and water sanitation • Hygiene kits • Psycho social kits • Care and protection of children
Rehabilitation • Operational guidelines- • Live with the disaster affected people • Emphasis should not be target oriented • Emphasis on poor and vulnerable • House reconstruction is not the only answer • Be flexible
Community based disaster preparedness • Key features -community participation -inclusion as governmental policies Framework -develop village level plan -initiate implementation of plan -documentation of process - integration of plan
Phase wise distinction of community based disaster preparedness plan • Pre-disaster phase • On disaster phase(rescue and emergency) • Post disaster phase(relief and rehabilitation) • Long term measures( sustainable livelihood)
Other disaster in India • Bhopal gas tragedy -NGO’s were harassed by government -WHO and UNICEF were absent • Arsenic in drinking water -First recognized by villagers -Affected 4.5 million people, 2 lakh suffer -Was the biggest public health issue in the world
Hunger and disaster • India home of 200 million hungry people • India ranks 66th /88 developing countries
reference • Battacharya T, A comprehensive handbook on disaster management, VHAI 2010 Suggested Readings: Politics of famine NFHS II Comparison of Hunger across states India disaster report, 1999 Oxfam handbook on development and relief Sphere minimum standard in humanitarian response Where there is no doctor Documentation on CBDP
About the author • Is a geophysicist • Worked on disaster management and rehabilitation across the nation • Initiated cross border CBDP • Prepared Orissa super cyclone recovery programme.
