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This review examines the conditions in Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Soviet Union during WWII. It explores government control over human rights, mass censorship, and the influence of secret police within these regimes. Key events like the Treaty of Versailles, the rise of fascism, and significant turning points such as the attack on Pearl Harbor and the battles of Stalingrad and Midway are discussed. The aftermath of the war, including the Holocaust, the Nuremberg Trials, and the establishment of the United Nations, is also considered in the context of shaping modern geopolitics.
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Life in a Totalitarian State (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy & Soviet Union) • Government Controls Human Rights • Mass Censorship • Mass Arrests • Secret Police • One Party System • Booming Economy (Not in Great Depression) • Restoring Lost Glory
Causes of WWII • Treaty of Versailles • Rise of Fascism & Nazism • Appeasement- Sudetenland & Munich Agreement • Fascist Aggression (Italian occupation of Ethiopia) • Non-Aggression Pact- Germany does not have to fight a two-front war
Alliances Allies Axis Germany Japan Italy • United States • Great Britain • Soviet Union • France • Italy
World War II • Operation Barbarossa (German Invasion of Soviet Union) -Eventual loss due to Climate & Geography • December 7,1941 Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor -US enters War Main Turning Points of WWII • Entry of US • Battles of Stalingrad & Midway • Cracking of Japanese & German Codes
Yalta Conference • Big Three (Roosevelt, Stalin & Churchill) • Decisions • Divide Germany • Soviets taking eastern Europe • Set Up United Nations
The Holocaust (Final Solution) • Deliberate murder of six million Jews • Carried out by Nazi Germany • Planned in great detail & required cooperation of a lot of people • SS, led by Himmler, Heydrich & Eichmann, will be in charge of Holocaust • Led to the formation of Israel after the WWII. • Leaders of Holocaust tried at Nuremburg Trials (Charged with “Crimes Against Humanity”
The End of the War • VE Day (Victory in Europe) May 1945. • Fall of Berlin • VJ Day (Victory over Japan) September 1945 • Dropping of Atomic Bombs • Hiroshima • Nagasaki -Emperor becomes a Constitutional Monarch (No Longer Divine) -Japan becomes a representative democracy
Post-War Programs United Nations Marshall Plan US Plan that gave massive aid to western Europe to rebuild after WWII. Goal is to stabilize economies & governments so they will not fall to communism • Goal is to maintain global peace, promote trade & protect human rights • Security Council -Most important- Job is to maintain international peace & security - 5 Permanent members: US, Russia, Great Britain, China & France
Major Impacts of WWII • US & USSR are now Superpowers • Europe is divided between two sides • Cold War • Japan becomes a Constitutional Monarchy • US rebuilds & reindustrializes Western Europe & Japan • US no longer in Isolationism