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Adaptation strategies to Climate Change impacts in the Med iterranean Area: an investigation theme in the framework of

Adaptation strategies to Climate Change impacts in the Med iterranean Area: an investigation theme in the framework of the MED programme. Carlo Cacciamani (*) & Renata Pelosini (&) (*) Arpa Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy (&) Arpa Regione Piemonte, Torino, Italy

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Adaptation strategies to Climate Change impacts in the Med iterranean Area: an investigation theme in the framework of

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  1. Adaptation strategies to Climate Change impacts in the Mediterranean Area: an investigation theme in the framework of the MED programme Carlo Cacciamani (*) & Renata Pelosini (&) (*) Arpa Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy (&) Arpa Regione Piemonte, Torino, Italy Workgroup 2: Protection of the environment and promotion of a sustainable territorial development Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  2. Outline The observational evidence of Climate change in Europe and in the Med Area Which are the most disturbing impacts in the Mediterranean Area ? What about Adaptation strategies ? Link with the Med programme Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  3. The observational evidence of Climate Change in Europe and in the Med Area Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  4. Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  5. Mean annual rainfall PO river catchment 1975-2006: 20% reduction Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  6. Projections of future Climate Change Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  7. Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  8. Key messages • Global warming is inequivocal • Climate change projections are generally in line with previous assessments and depend on the emission scenarios • The Mediterranean is an especially vulnerable region to global warming, specially during the warm season (spring/summer) • Some further climate change is unavoidable so we will need to manage the unavoidable (adaptation) but avoid the unmanageable (mitigation). Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  9. Which are the most disturbing impacts in the Mediterranean area ? Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  10. Examples of Impacts • Higher risk of Extreme weather events like fires, floods, landslides, storms and heat waves • The Mediterranean is suffering more and more from droughts. Water scarcity may become a persistent problem to manage • The combined effects of heat and drought will severely affect agriculture • Seaside tourism will shift from the summer to spring and autumn • Increasing demand for electricity for cooling. More frequent power cuts due to increased demand, storm damage, shortage of cooling water, and reduced water capacity for hydropower • Snow is already melting in the Alps and the skiing industry is very concerned. Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille Examples of impacts

  11. What about Adaptation strategies ? Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  12. What is adaptation? • Adaptation is a series of actions taken to cope with a changing climate, e.g. increased rainfall, higher temperatures, scarce water or more frequent storms... • Adaptation may need to tackle present problems or anticipate changes in the future, aiming to reduce risk and damage cost-effectively, and perhaps even exploiting potential benefits • Adaptation includes transnational/national/regional strategies and practical steps taken at community level or by individuals, and may be anticipatory or reactive. It applies to both natural and human systems. Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  13. Actions: mitigation & adaptation options • increase energetic efficiency • use of renovable energy • energy saving • ri-forestion CAUSE: decrease greenhouse gas emissions mitigation & adaptation effects World with no actions Cl.Ch. Impacts Only mitigation mitigation and adaptation time EFFECTS: adjust systems to Climate Change to decrease damages, exploit opportunities and manage consequences Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  14. Adaptation options Hard approach: technological and infrastructural options Large investment Impacts and priority sizing Long realization time Soft approach: non structural options Applicable with uncertain knowledge Short realization time Negligible costs and included into social/economic developing Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  15. ….some examples of hard actions • adapting building to future climate conditions and extreme weather events • building flood defenses and raising the levels of dykes • developing more drought-tolerant crops • choosing tree species and forestry practices less vulnerable to storms and fires • setting aside land corridors to help species migrate. Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  16. Soft adaptation options • Education • Optimisation of use of the resources (ex.: Water !) • Setup of risk prevention systems • protection of environment and of population health- social-economic welfare Developing awareness To reduce environmental, economic, information, social, behavioural barriers opposing adaptation options Instruments development setup of operational environmental monitoring and forecasting systems • applicable • efficient • fair • accessible • linked to the context • institutional preparation • social learning • involving of stakeholders • high governance capability • public information Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  17. Adaptation strategies Desertification: Better knowledge of territory vulnerability Health risk: medium and long planning of prevention actions before the occurrence of extreme meteo-climatic events, increasing diseases and mortality (heat waves, respiratory diseases due to allergenic pollens...) Coastal areas: Abandonment of coastal areas to their natural evolution, conservation of natural zones (sand dunes) at interface between land and sea Agriculture: modification of agronomic practices (ex: optimize seeding timing) or more structural changes (drastic change of cultivation). Promotion of technological innovation to maximise efficiency Biodiversity: synergy with protection actions of natural environmental resources; creation of protected areas, wet and coastal areas... Hydrological risk: Improving monitoring and forecasting capability and systems. On a longer time scale, setup (or change) of territorial plans taking into account climatic change. Promotion of policies for a better use of the territory decreasing geological risk (landslides). Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille Examples of adaptation actions

  18. Link with the Med programme Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  19. “Adaptation” and the Med Programme Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  20. Priority axis 2: Protection of the environment And promotion of a sustainable territorial development Main issues defined within Axis 2 where adaptation options may be devised: Protection of biodiversity, maritime habitat, water resources, sea (ob. 2.1). Major risks: fire, floods, droughts, reduction of water resources, landslides (ob. 2.4) In order to promote a sustainable development, different bodies in charge responsible of regional developments have to take into account also the effects of climate change as a further “forcing” to the environment, and have to improve cooperation to ensure responsible development and preserve and valorize natural resources and heritage (for example: sustainable tourism), Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  21. CONCLUSION - 1 The development of adaptation actions is coherent with the priority 2 of the MED program and contributes to the realization of ob. 2.4 (risk prevention) and 2.1 (protection and valorization of natural resources and heritage) Adaptation is one the strategies to propose to manage natural risk occurrence that could increase in changed climate conditions. Furthermore, adaptation actions concur to the protection and valorization of the natural resources, because reduce the external pressures to the environment Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  22. CONCLUSION - 2 It is necessary to define, in the MED area, macro-activities and (strategic ?) actions, to be achieved in a transnational cooperation, finalized to improve: Specific knowledge, common monitoring and communication tools necessary to identify in great detail the main impacts of Climate Change and the more useful and reliable adaptation strategies (in term of environmental and economical sustainability) Methods and technologies finalized to setup and manage the devised adaptation strategies. These actions needs a strong transnational coordination in order not to duplicate efforts and allow “state-of-the art” elaborations Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

  23. The endThank you Kick Off Seminar Programme MED – 22/11/2007 - Parc Chanot, Marseille

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