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Understanding the System of Apartheid: Ideology, Policies, and Socioeconomic Impacts in South Africa

This summary explores the system of apartheid in South Africa, highlighting the disempowerment felt by Afrikaners and their ideology promoting racial separation for the supposed benefit of different races. It discusses the establishment of Bantustans, influx control laws, and the economic boom driven by cheap black labor. As South Africa became a republic in 1961, public sentiment largely supported apartheid, leading to worsening living conditions in black townships. The essay investigates the political, economic, and social contexts contributing to apartheid's existence and its impact on society.

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Understanding the System of Apartheid: Ideology, Policies, and Socioeconomic Impacts in South Africa

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  1. HSC Online - Summary Part 1 – The System of Aparthied

  2. Afrikaners felt disempowered by Africans in the workforce • The ideology of apartheid was that different races in South Africa needed to be separated for their own benefit • Scientific racism: Afrikaners thought it was impossible for different cultures to live as one

  3. National Government under Prime Minister D. Malan decided to set up 7 reserves for Africans, known as Bantus. • Factories constructed on the borders • The purpose was to keep the blacks and whites separate • 80% of South Africa’s land was set aside for whites

  4. Influx control laws limited number of passes for Africans to move freely, due to fear over ‘black peril’.

  5. In 1960, the rest of the world are moving toward desegregation, South Africa are becoming more controlled • 1961 – “Unite to Keep South Africa White – A Republic Now” – South Africa became a Republic • The economy boomed due to mining and minerals and their use of cheap black labour

  6. Afrikaners became much wealthier that English speaking South Africans and blacks • Most white people supported apartheid • South African society began to urbanise – black community areas were bulldozed, in response to fear over black revolt after the Sharpeville Massacre • Facilities and services in black townships were inferior

  7. What was the system of apartheid and why did it exist in South Africa? • Essay response: Compose as a group: • Explain the system of apartheid • Explain the ideology: scientific racism and fear • Explain the context: political, economic and social prosperity of white South Africans

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