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LANGUAGE CHANGE

LANGUAGE CHANGE. Can linguistic change be observed while it is actually occurring ? Traditional Linguistics vs Modern Linguistics --- Saussure (1959) and Bloomfield (1933):

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LANGUAGE CHANGE

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  1. LANGUAGE CHANGE

  2. Can linguistic change be observed while it is actually occurring? Traditional Linguistics vs Modern Linguistics --- Saussure (1959) and Bloomfield (1933): most linguists have maintained that change itself cannot be observed; all that we can possibly hope to observe are the consequences of change. Traditional vs Modern Linguistics

  3. 1. Internal Change ….internal structure of a language;: phonology, morphology, syntax. 2. External Change …. Borrowing from other dialects or languages. Kinds of Changes

  4. Chambers and Trudgill (1980), (1983), (1988) women language variation in Norwich. Gimson (1962) Labov (1963).. .Sound changes in progress in Martha Vineyard, (1972), (1981)..women’s roles Cheshire (1978)… variation between boys and girls in England. Some changes in Progress

  5. Labov (1972b, pp. 178–80) suggests that there are two basic kinds of change: change from below, i.e., change from below conscious awareness, and change from above, i.e., change brought about consciously. Change from below is systematic, unconscious change, whereas change from above is sporadic, conscious, and involves issues of prestige. The basic mechanism of sound change --- Lavov (1972)… 13 stages. The Process of Change

  6. 1. From group to group • 2. From style to style • 3. From word to word ---lexical diffusion • The way to pronounce the word ‘knight’. How do changes spread?

  7. 1. Apparent-time studies of language change .......comparing the speech of people from different age groups. 2. Language change in real time ……a very reliable method of identifying changes How do we study language change?

  8. Social status and language change… superiority vs inferiority Sex and language change… women vs men Interaction and language change..... Intercultural communication. Reasons for language change

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