Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills in Health and Physical Education

1. Did you pass the Test? Critical Thinking in Health & Physical Education Cara Grant

2. By the end of the session participants will • Receive information on common language in 21st Century Skills and critical thinking skills • Review documents to support critical thinking development (Common Core State Standards, MSDE State Curriculum) • Review opportunities for critical thinking skills in health and physical education • Identify areas to apply critical thinking skills in their classrooms

3. What do you think of when you hear… • 21st century skills • Critical thinking skills • Common Core State Standards • Standards-based instruction

4. 21st Century Skills • Critical thinking and problem-solving • Creativity and innovation • Collaboration, teamwork and leadership • Cross-cultural understanding • Communications and information fluency • Computing and information & communication technology • Career and learning self-reliance (Moylan, 2008)

5. http://www.p21.org/overview

6. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving • Reason effectively • Use systems thinking • Make judgments and decisions • Solve problems http://www.p21.org/overview/skills-framework/260

7. http://www.corestandards.org/

8. MSDE State Standards • http://www.mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/health/index.html • http://mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/physical_education/index.html

10. PE Standards • Standard 1: Skillfulness • skill-related fitness components, movement skills, creative skill combinations, improvement plans, tactical analysis • Standard 2: Biomechanical Principles • Newton’s laws of motion, levers, absorption of force, spin • Standard 3: Motor Learning Principles • Self- and peer-evaluation, practice plans • Standard 4: Exercise Physiology • Effects and benefits of physical activity, FITT guidelines, fitness plans, factors that promote/limit physical activity, impact of culture and media, hydration & nutrition • Standard 5: Physical Activity • Health-related fitness components, heart rate, training principles, fitness data & goals) • Standard 6: Social Psychological Principles • Relationship between effort and improvement, self-regulation, conflict resolution, goal setting and monitoring, time management, & safety and respect

12. So, now what?

13. Bloom’s Taxonomy • Synthesis • Evaluation • Affective Domain

14. Implications for teaching • Students need to be required to think about thinking (Metacognition) (Mihaila-Lica, 2012) • Shift instruction from what to think (teacher led) to how to think (student led) (Behar-Horenstein & Niu, 2011) • Project-based learning (Moylan, 2008) • Authentic situations (Li, 2010)

15. What does this look like? • Health Education • Socratic Seminar • Physical Education • Applying critical thinking skills in movement

16. Think-Pair-Share • With an elbow partner talk about how you can transform a current teaching practice into a higher level of thinking for students.

17. Scenarios • In health education class, Ms. Core has the kids in a regular routine. They come in, complete a warm-up question, she provides the introduction on disease prevention and control, then they complete the questions at the end of the lesson chapter of the textbook. • In physical education class, Mr. Common has the kids come out and sit in their usual squad lines, takes attendance, and leads the warm-up. Then he leads them into their games. He ends the lesson by dismissing them to the locker room with a whistle.

18. The end result… • Business leaders, politicians, and educators agree that students need 21st century skills like critical thinking to be successful in college and career (Rotherham &Willingham, 2009). • What are you going to do to get students there?

19. References Behar-Horenstein, L. & Niu, L. (2011). Teaching critical thinking skills in higher education: A review of the literature. Journal of College Teaching & Learning. 8(2). 25-41. Block, B. & Russell, W. (2012). Teaching students to think critically about fitness and wellness choices. Journal Of Physical Education Recreation and Dance. 83(7). 46-52. Davis, L. (2012). 5 Things every teacher should be doing to meet Common Core State Standards. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education, Inc. Li, K. (2010). Integrating weblogs in a pedagogy model for enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning. 5(1). 35-49. Marzano, R. (1992). A different kind of classroom: Teaching with dimensions of learning. Alexandra, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

20. References Moylan, W. (2008). Learning by project: Developing essential 21st century skills using student team projects. The International Journal of Learning. 15(9). 287-292. Mihaila-Lica, G. (2012). Considerations on developing critical thinking skills in students of English. Revista Academiei Fortelor Terestre 2(66)138-142. Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2011). Retrieved from: http://www.p21.org/overview Teacher Tap. (2011). Critical and creative thinking-Blooms Taxonomy. Retrieved from: http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic69.htm Rotherham, A, & Willingham, D. (2009). 21st Century skills: The challenges ahead. Educational Leadership. September 2009. 16-21