Imperialism East and West

1. Imperialism East and West Edward Said and Orientalism— Argued that the expansion of the West feminized and sexualized the East What role did the East and West play in the history of imperialism and colonialism?

2. Outline for Class • Let’s first examine Eastern imperialism, and then look at the West • Rise of Islam in Africa • Mongol Empire 1206-1405 • The Ottoman Empire 14th -19th Century • Mughal Empire 1520s to 18th Century • Rise of Christianity in the West • Impact of the Protestant Reformation

4. Islam and Africa • Islam arrived in Africa in 639 as Muslims fled persecution and went to Arab peninsula and a formal military invasion began • Spread to North Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia • By the 8th century traders spread Islam along the North African coast • Spread easily as it accepted local customs such as polygamy and female circumcision • Was seen as modernizing influence • In 8th Century traders spread Islam to India • By 13th century became entrenched with the spread of cotton cultivation

5. Islam in India

6. The Rise of Christianity

7. Christianity Also Began in the East • Also spread by traders and imperialism, particularly the Roman Empire after Constantine converted to Christianity in the 4th century CE • Then became the transmission of Western values through the Crusades of the 12th Century • In addition to conquest, Western crusaders learned about Eastern notions of chivalry and romantic love

10. The Crusades

11. The Second and Third Crusades

12. World Expansion of ChristianityThe Roman Empire

13. The Mughal Empire • This same region had been conquered by earlier by the Mongols

14. Confucianism • Confucius lived from 551-479 BCE • Replaced Daoism’s emphasis on sexual prowess for men with respect for families and elders • More of a philosophy than a religion but very influential in the East

15. Spread of Confucianism

16. Spread of Other Major Religions

19. The Ottoman Empire Borders How did conflicts between Islam and Christianity influence sex customs in these areas?

21. Western Imperialism • Began with the Spanish and Portuguese, in an effort to seek gold and convert people to Catholicism • Most commonly known effort was the discovery of the New World and the conquest of Mexico and South America • Yet other imperialist ventures also occurred in Asia and Africa • Vasco de Gama began the exploration of Asia in 1498 and by 1510 Portuguese explorers had landed in Goa and India • The Reformation (1517) encourage Protestant countries to attack Catholic ones and pursue their own colonialism and religious conversion

22. The Protestant Reformation

23. The Spanish and Portuguese Empires (Yellow for Spain and Purple for Portugal)

24. The British Empire

25. The French Empire

26. The Belgium Empire

27. German Empire-Pre WWII

28. Spanish Expansion in North America The Spanish and Portuguese brought Christianity to all of the Americas beginning in the 15th century

29. British Expansion in India • The British superimposed Protestant ideas on Hindus and Muslims

30. Imperialism in Africa • European imperialism introduced new laws and customs in Africa

31. Imperialism by Law--Africa

32. Imperialism by Law -Asia

34. World Legal Systems