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The Rise of Political Parties and Governance in the Early New Republic (1790s)

This analysis explores the emergence of political parties in the 1790s, focusing on the pivotal roles played by leaders like George Washington and John Adams in establishing a stable government post-Constitution. It examines Washington’s presidency, key initiatives such as the Bill of Rights and Hamilton's Financial Plan, and their impact on American political structure. The piece also covers the emergence of Federalists and Jeffersonians, key foreign policies, and significant events like the Whiskey Rebellion that shaped early American governance.

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The Rise of Political Parties and Governance in the Early New Republic (1790s)

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  1. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” #1 Analyze the factors that led to the rise of political parties in the 1790s. #2 Analyze the contributions of the following in helping establish a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution (foreign policy & domestic): 1. George Washington 2. John Adams

  2. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • I. Washington’s Pres. = Domestic • A. 1789, Electoral College’s Decision

  3. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • I. Washington’s Pres. = Domestic • B. Washington’s Cabinet

  4. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • I. Washington’s Pres. = Domestic • C. Bill of Rights • D. Judiciary Act of 1789

  5. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • E. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • 1. Report on Public Credit (1790) • 2. Report on Manufactures (1791) • 3. Five Major Components • a) “Funding at Par” = Pay National Debt • b) Assumption of State Debts • Compromise & Capital • c) Tariffs • d) Excise Taxes • e) Battle for National Bank • Provisions • Jefferson’s View • Hamilton’s View

  6. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • F. Evolution of Political Parties • 1. Federalists • Govt. by the Upper Class • Distrust Common People • Support Strong Central Govt. • Govt. Support Business • Pro-British Foreign Policy • 2. Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republicans) • Rule of the People = Govt. for the People • Appeal to Middle & Lower Classes • Support Strong State Govt. • Govt. Support Agriculture • Pro-French Foreign Policy

  7. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • G. Whiskey Rebellion • Cause

  8. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • G. Whiskey Rebellion • Results • Significance • H. Legacy of Hamilton’s Financial Plan

  9. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • II. Washington’s Pres. = Foreign • A. Impact of French Revolution • 1. Differing Views • 2. Significance

  10. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • II. Washington’s Pres. = Foreign • B. Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation (1793) • 1. Reasons • 2. Stipulations • 3. Reactions • 4. Citizen Genet

  11. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • C. Jay’s Treaty (1794) • 1. Background • 2. Washington Sends John Jay • 3. Provisions • 4. Reactions • 5. Significance

  12. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • D. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) • 1. Spanish Motive • 2. Provisions • 3. Result

  13. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • III. End of Washington’s Pres. • A. Refuses 3rd Term • B. Washington’s Farewell Address • 1. Warns against Political Parties • 2. Warns against Permanent Foreign Alliances • 3. Isolationism dominates US Foreign Policy for 100yrs • C. Precedents • 1. Rely on Dept. for advice; consult w/ cabinet • 2. Choose own Cabinet • 3. Two Term Office

  14. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • IV. Adam’s Presidency = Foreign • A. Relations w/ France • 1. French reaction to Jay Treaty • 2. XYZ Affair • 3. “Quasi-War” (1798-1799) • 4. Convention of 1800

  15. “THE NEW REPUBLIC” • V. Adam’s Presidency = Domestic • A. Alien Act & Sedition Acts (1798) • 1. Purpose • 2. Provisions • B. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions • 1. Authors • 2. Premise/Purpose • 3. Significance

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