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Civilian Humanitarian Agencies

Civilian Humanitarian Agencies. Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance MPAT TE-12 11 June 2007. Objectives. Objectives: Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

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Civilian Humanitarian Agencies

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  1. Civilian Humanitarian Agencies Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance MPAT TE-12 11 June 2007

  2. Objectives Objectives: • Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; • Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; • Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and • Introduction to donor agencies.

  3. Objectives Objectives: • Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; • Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; • Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and • Introduction to donor agencies.

  4. Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Humanitarian Agencies’ & Mandates: Migration Food aid Health Children Refugees

  5. Cluster Approach – Why it was developed “Sectors” – examples: • Food aid; • Education; • Water, sanitation & hygiene; • Shelter; • Health; • Protection, etc.

  6. Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

  7. Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

  8. Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Former Emergency Relief Coordinator [ERC], Mr. Jan Egeland

  9. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  10. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  11. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  12. Objectives Objectives: • Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; • Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; • Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and • Introduction to donor agencies.

  13. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  14. FAO – Agriculture Sector Food & Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: • Founded in 1945. • Mandate: Achieve food security for all. • 4 main areas of activity: • Agricultural information source; • Sharing agricultural policy expertise; • Providing a common forum for nations; • Bringing agricultural practices knowledge to the field. • Sector lead for agriculture. • Works with WFP in crises responses.

  15. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  16. UNICEF –Education, Nutrition, WASH, Protection (Disasters) & Telecommunications (Data Services) Clusters United Nations Children’s Fund • Presence in over 140 countries. • Convention on the Rights of the Child. • Cluster Lead for: • Education; • Nutrition; • Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Promotion [“WASH”]; • Cluster Co-Lead for: • Telecommunication (Data Services); • Protection (Disasters).

  17. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  18. WFP –Food Aid Sector; Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics Clusters World Food Programme • Established 1963. • Tasked with providing food aid and support development through food. • In 2005, WFP food aid reached 96.7 million people in 82 countries. • Operates in 82 countries: • 100 relief operations in 73 countries; • 27 development projects & 35 country programmes in 49 countries. • Sector lead for Food Aid; • Cluster lead for Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics.

  19. WFP –Food Aid, Telecommunications Security & Logistics WFP [cont.]: • Operates: • UNHAS – UN Humanitarian Air Service; • UNJLC – UN Joint Logistics Center: • Mandated to logistics information management support and services; • OTS – Ocean Transport Service.

  20. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  21. UNHCR –Refugees sector, Protection cluster United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees: • Mandated by the UN to protect refugees. • Protecting 20.8 million people. • Focus – Prevention of refoulement • 263 offices in 116 countries • Staff of 6,689; budget of US$ 1.35 billion • Refugee sector lead • In disasters, Cluster Co-Lead for Protection; • In conflict situations, Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelter, Camp Coordination and Protection.

  22. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  23. IFRC –Emergency Shelter Cluster Lead (Disasters) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies • Founded in 1919 • Consists of 185 national societies, a Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide • Works with & assists national societies with: • Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelters in disasters.

  24. National RC/RC Societies:Palang Merah Indonesia Palang Merah Indonesia • 185 National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies • 1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent • Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country

  25. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  26. WHO –Health Cluster World Health Organization • Established 1948 • “Specialized Agency” under Art. 57 of the UN Charter • Mission: Attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health • Operations: • Health emergency relief kits • Providing medical supplies/assessments • Capacity building / training of health workers • Lead Agency for the Health Cluster.

  27. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  28. IOM –Camp Coordination Cluster Lead (Disasters) International Organization for Migration • International organization with 120 member states. • Leading international agency dealing with migration issues. • Works with governments & civil society to: • Advance understanding of migration issues; • Encourage social and economic development through migration; • Uphold human dignity and well-being of migrants. • Cluster Lead for Camp Coordination & Management in disasters.

  29. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  30. UNDP –Early Recovery & Protection (Disasters) Clusters United Nations Development Programme UN program working with 166 countries to find solutions to developmental challenges. Focus on the UN Millennium Development Goals: Democratic governance; Poverty Reduction; Crisis prevention & recovery; Energy & environment; HIV/AIDS. Resident Representative: Resident Coordinator [RC]; Humanitarian Coordinator [RC/HC]; Designated Official [DO]. Early Recovery Cluster Lead Agency Co-Lead for Protection (Disasters).

  31. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  32. OHCHR –Protection Cluster (Disasters) United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights • Established in 1994 • Mandated to promote and protect rights of all people in the UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights & other laws and treaties. • Operations • Advocacy • Monitoring • Reporting of violations • Coordinate Human Rights into UN programmes • Protection Cluster (Disasters) Co-Lead Agency.

  33. Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

  34. OCHA –Telecomms (Owner) Cluster & Coordination UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs • Created in 1998 out of UNDHA. • Tasked with coordination of humanitarian affairs in support of the Sec.-Gen. by: • Developing common strategies; • Assessing needs and situations; • Convening coordination meetings; • Mobilizing resources; • Addressing common problems; • Administering Coordination tools & mechanisms. • Led by Emergency Relief Coordinator, Sir John Holmes. • Operates: • Humanitarian Information Centres – HIC • ReliefWeb • Virtual OSOCC • Co-Lead for Telecommunications (Owner) Cluster • Mandated to coordinate humanitarian responses.

  35. Traditional leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: Conflict – UNHCR IFRC Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: Conflict – UNHCR Disasters – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection Conflict IDPs – UNHCR Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: OCHA – owner UNICEF – data services WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads Overall coordination - OCHA

  36. Objectives Objectives: • Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; • Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; • Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and • Introduction to donor agencies.

  37. Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations: • Not an agency of a government or UN • Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters • Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission • Funded by grants or private donations • National or international • Essential to humanitarian operations • Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors • First responders to arrive, last to leave • Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects

  38. Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs • Operate under core values: • Need “humanitarian space” to operate – Freedom to independently: • Assess needs of beneficiaries • Operate and monitor programs • Maintain dialog with beneficiaries

  39. Objectives Objectives: • Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; • Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; • Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and • Introduction to donor agencies.

  40. Donors Major Donors: • AusAID – Australian Council for International Aid • CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency • DfID – UK Dept. for International Development • ECHO – European Community Humanitarian Office • JICA – Japanese International Cooperation Agency • USAID – United States Agency for International Development • Private donations

  41. Objectives Objectives: • Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises; • Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; • Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and • Introduction to donor agencies.

  42. Civilian Humanitarian Agencies Discussion www.coe-dmha.org

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