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DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

DNA, Genes and Chromosomes. The Nucleus. Control centre of the cell. Decides what kind of cell it will be, what functions it will perform and how long it will live for . The chemical that contains these instructions is DNA ( d eoxyribo n ucleic a cid). DNA.

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DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

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  1. DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

  2. The Nucleus • Control centre of the cell. • Decides what kindof cell it will be,what functions it will perform and how long it will live for. • The chemical that contains these instructions is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

  3. DNA • The DNA molecule is very long and its basic structure is the same in every organism • (The structure was first discovered in 1953 looks like a twisted ladder)

  4. Genes • A gene is a short section of the DNA molecule with a very specific code. • Examples: eye colour, height, hair colour…. • There are on average about 1000 genes on one DNA molecule!

  5. Chromatin • DNA molecules folded and coiled into long threads • Without this folding/coiling each DNA molecule would be 2 metres long!

  6. Chromosomes • Made of a single DNA molecule • Each kindof plant and animal has a specific number of chromosomes • Humans have 46 chromosomes

  7. In humans, the mother gives23 chromosomes and the father 23 chromosomes to give46chromosomes to the new developing fetus • Every cell in you has 46 chromosomes • (except sperm and eggs – they only have 23!)

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