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DNA, Chromosomes & Genes

This overview delves into the intricate world of DNA, chromosomes, and genes, essential components of genetic makeup. DNA is the molecule housing genetic information, coiled tightly within chromosomes. A gene occupies a specific location on the DNA strand and dictates physical and functional traits, with 99.9% of DNA being identical across humans. The human genome consists of 30,000 to 40,000 genes, organized into chromosomes. This comprehensive guide underscores the relationship between genetics and environmental influences on our characteristics.

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DNA, Chromosomes & Genes

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  1. DNA, Chromosomes & Genes

  2. What is DNA? • The molecule that contains the genetic code • It coils up tightly inside chromosomes

  3. What is a GENE? • A code carried on the DNA molecule. • Each DNA molecule contains many genes • Carries the information for the physical and functional characteristics of an individual

  4. What is a GENE? • Each chromosome carries a couple of thousand genes • Many of these are common to all human beings. • So, 99.9% of your DNA is identical to everyone else's

  5. What is a GENE? • The remaining 0.1% influences the differences between us • height, hair color and susceptibility to a particular disease, etc. • Environmental factors, such as lifestyle (for example, smoking and nutrition) also influence the way we look and our susceptibility to disease

  6. GENOME The nucleus of a human cell contains between 30 000 and 40 000 genes. This complete set of genes is called theGENOME.

  7. The structure of the genome: • Tightly coiled threads of DNA and protein molecules • Organized into structures called chromosomes

  8. What are CHROMOSOMES? • A packet of coiled up DNA • They are in the nucleus of cells

  9. What are CHROMOSOMES? • Each chromosome has a single strand of DNA which carries the code for a couple of thousand genes

  10. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/info=basics/show/gene

  11. Assignment: Create a visual representation of the following: • A cell nucleus • A set of chromosomes within the nucleus • A clear portion of the DNA molecule found within the chromosome • A gene or group of genes found within the DNA molecule

  12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8OL1MTbGpU

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