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Mine Ban treaty

Mine Ban treaty. Background. AKA Ottawa Treaty Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction Signed Dec 1997, Effective 1 March 1999. Aims.

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Mine Ban treaty

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  1. Mine Ban treaty

  2. Background • AKA Ottawa Treaty • Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention • Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction • Signed Dec 1997, Effective 1 March 1999.

  3. Aims • Eliminate anti-personnel mines around the world.

  4. Details • 160 Parties to the Convention

  5. Details • Can not use anti-personnel mines • Destroy stockpile (can retain a small number for training demining purposes)within four years • Within ten years must have cleared all mined areas. • Can request an extension at annual meetings. • Only covers anti-personnel mines

  6. Successes • According to the 2009 Landmine monitor report, signatory nations have destroyed more than 44 million mines since 1 March 1999. • 86 countries have completely destroyed their stockpiles. • 63 countries declared they had none to destroy.

  7. Successes • Landmine free countries • Eleven states had cleared all mines by 2008: Bulgaria, Costa Rica, El Salvador, France, Guatemala, Honduras, FYR Macdeonia, Malawi, Suriname, Swaziland, Tunisia. • 2009 Albania, Greece, Rwanda, Zambia also declared mine-free.

  8. Criticisms • The majority of the permanent members of the UN Security Council are not members. • China, US, Russia • No universal ratification. • Most landmine production occurs in states who have not ratified. • Organised states can map the distribution of mines, in contrast, indiscriminate dispersal is often done by states already flouting international agreements.

  9. Criticisms • Opponents of banning mines say mines are cheap, cost effective ‘denial of area’ weapons. • Only harms attackers, when used correctly.

  10. Dispersal • 2011 landmines were dispersed in Libya, Syria, Israel and Burma.

  11. NGOs • Geneva Call • Mine Action • ICBL – International Campaign to Ban Landmines

  12. Geneva Call • Aims to get non-state actors to respect international humanitarian law and international human rights law. • Wants non-state actors to agree not to use anti-personnel mines. • To date 42 NSAs have signed the Deed of Commitment banning AP mines.

  13. ICBL • Global network in over 90 states • Works for a world free of antipersonnel mines and cluster munitions • Pushes state parties to continue to demine, provide victim assistance and disarm.

  14. Essay Question States provide both the cause and solution to issues such as disarmament and human rights. No other bodies can influence to the same extent as states. Discuss, using contemporary case studies as evidence.

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