1. CLASSICAL CHINA Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties and Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism in Chinese Society

2. Zhou Dynasty (Chou) • Longest dynasty in Chinese history • Leader claimed he ruled under the Mandate of Heaven • Patriarchal society • Filial piety was important • Traded silk

3. Complex language and writing system 1,000 characters • Developed three major philosophies to explain the nature of humans and the universe • Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

4. Traded with India and Mesopotamia but developed mostly in isolation • Contributions: • Rode horses • Developed very organized state • Pottery and bronze • Iron • Use of ideographic symbols

5. CONFUCIANISM Contemporary of Buddha Upset by the violence and moral decay of his era His teachings were recorded in the Analects He was appointed as the Minister of Crime

6. Teachings of Confucious • Political and ethical, not spiritual • Social order was important • Leaders should set a good example • Government service should be open to all men of superior talent • Duty and humanity were central

7. DAOISM Daoist Temple Daoist Ritual for the Dead • Based on ideas of Laozi • Teachings • Not concerned with the meaning of the universe • Sets forth proper forms of human behavior • Concerned with the natural order • The way to follow the will of Heaven is not through action but inaction by not interfering with the natural order

8. LEGALISM • Teachings • Human beings were evil by nature • A strong ruler was needed to create an orderly society • Only harsh laws and stiff punishments for bad behavior and rich rewards for good behavior would cause the common people to serve the interests of the ruler • Rulers should control ideas, as well as actions

9. Fall of the empire • Zhou rulers declined in quality • Several of the kingdom’s territories became powerful states that challenged the ruler • Civil war broke out

10. QIN (CH’IN) DYNASTY • Emerged after the civil war following the Zhou dynasty • Qin Shihuangdi was a powerful leader and the First Emperor • Created a single monetary system • Built roads throughout the empire • Aggressive in foreign affairs • Destroyed outside rival armies and interior resistance • Gave himself a title that had been used for gods

11. EMPEROR’S (OR TERRACOTTA) ARMY

12. The Great Wall

13. Qin Crossbow • Political changes • Legalism was adopted as the regime’s ideology • People who opposed the regime were punished or executed • Created a highly centralized state

14. Fall of the Qin Dynasty • Qin was the only ruler • Contributing factors • Censorship • Harsh taxes • Forced labor projects • Followed by a period of civil war

15. HAN DYNASTY • Seen as a period of glory, unity, and peace • Discarded the harsh policies of the Qin • Renewal of learning • Chose officials based on merit, rather than by birth • Created a civil service exam • Expanded the empire • Silk Road linked China with Persia and other nations • Peaceful • Peasants suffered

16. Bronze mirror • Contributions of the Han dynasty • Iron casting technology, which led to invention of steel • Paper • Rudder • Fore-and-aft rigging • China gained exposure to Buddhism from travelers on the Silk Road Bronze lamp that depicts a phoenix

17. Silk Road Han encouraged trade along with Silk Road with the west Improved roads encouraged trade There was demand for silk in India, Mesopotamia, Islamic empire, and Mediterranean Most trade was carried out by nomads Provided initial framework for later global trading patterns

18. Bronze lamp Model of funeral tomb • Fall of the empire • Nobles filled the gap • Leaders were corrupt • Raids continued in the north • Rebel armies sacked the Han capital • China plunged into civil war • The next dynasty didn’t come to power for 400 years