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Bacteria:

Bacteria:. Classification and Structure. What are the 6 Kingdoms?. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals. We are looking at the first two. Archaebacteria Eubacteria. Classification of Bacteria. Archaebacteria: extremists Eubacteria: Heterotrophs

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Bacteria:

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  1. Bacteria: Classification and Structure

  2. What are the 6 Kingdoms? • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  3. We are looking at the first two • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria

  4. Classification of Bacteria • Archaebacteria: extremists • Eubacteria: • Heterotrophs • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Chemosynthetic autotrophs

  5. Archaebacteria • Live in extreme locations: • Oxygen-free environments • Concentrated salt-water • Hot, acidic water

  6. Eubacteria - Heterotrophs • Found everywhere • Parasites: live off of other organisms • Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

  7. Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs • Photosynthetic: make their own food from light • Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red • ponds, streams, moist areas

  8. Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs • Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen • Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

  9. Structure of Bacteria • Two parts to Bacteria Structure: • Arrangement • Shape

  10. Arrangement • Paired: diplo • Grape-like clusters: staphylo • Chains: strepto

  11. Shape • Rod: bacillus • Spheres: coccus • Spirals: spirillum

  12. Examples • Streptococcus: chains of spheres • Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals • Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

  13. Typical Bacterial Cell

  14. Reproduction • Two types of reproduction • asexual • sexual • Asexual: Binary Fission: • genetically identical • rapid reproduction; can be as little as 20 minutes in some bacteria (@ this rate they could cover the surface of the earth in a few weeks) WOW!!! • Note: Bacteria don’t always have the ideal growing conditions and they often run out of nutrients and water, poison themselves with their waste, and predators eat them.

  15. Reproduction • Sexual : Conjugation • During conjugation, one bacterium transfers all or part of its chromosome to another cell through the pilus(plural: pili) that connects the two cells. • These bacterial cells can now go through binary fission and produce cells with the new recombinated DNA. Click video below!!!

  16. Bacterial Respiration & Metabolism • Obligate aerobes: • Bacteria that require oxygen • Obligate anaerobes: • Bacteria that are killed in the presence of oxygen • There are some bacteria that can survive in either condition: • Oxygen present: cellular respiration • Oxygen absent: fermentation

  17. Survival Tactic • When bacteria are faced with adverse (unfavorable) conditions they can produce an endospore. • Endospore: a tiny structure that contains a bacterium’s DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a tough outer covering that resist drying out, temperature extremes, and harsh chemicals. Click video below!!!

  18. Importance & Benefits ofBacteria • Nitrogen fixation: • Nitrogen is essential (necessary) for all organisms • Found in DNA, RNA, proteins, and ATP • Only bacteria can convert the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to nitrogen that other organisms can use • Example: legume plants roots and nitrogen fixation bacteria (p. 493)

  19. Importance & Benefits ofBacteria • Recycling of nutrients • Decomposing bacteria break down organic (containing carbon) matter in dead organisms and wastes, returning organic and inorganic materials back to the environment.

  20. Importance & Benefits ofBacteria • Food and Medicine: • Food: • Swiss cheese, blue cheese, vinegar, sauerkraut, etc. • Live in the intestines of animals, and produce vitamins and enzymes that help digest food. • Medicine: • Can be used to make antibiotics to kill other types of bacteria • streptomycin, erythromycin, bacitracin, and neomcin

  21. Harmful Effects • Bacteria can cause disease • Antibiotics, such as penicillin can help combat bacteria by inhibiting bacteria cells from properly forming a cell wall. • Water enters the cell and they rupture and die

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