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The Atom

The Atom. Explain the story of Democritus and the piece of salt. Atoms are the basic units of __________. Atoms are _________ small. Atoms are made of _____________ particles. Atomic Structure. There are _______+ types of subatomic particles. Protons: 1. found in the _____________

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The Atom

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  1. The Atom • Explain the story of Democritus and the piece of salt. • Atoms are the basic units of __________. • Atoms are _________ small. • Atoms are made of _____________ particles.

  2. Atomic Structure • There are _______+ types of subatomic particles. • Protons: 1. found in the _____________ 2. have a _____________ charge 3. their __________ is approximately equal to 1 __________________ (amu) • Neutrons: 1. found in the _____________ 2. have _____ charge (neutral) 3. their __________ is approximately equal to 1 __________________ (amu) • Electrons: 1. found _____________ the nucleus in the _____________ (electron cloud/orbits) 2. have a _____________ charge 3. their mass is approximately equal to _______ amu

  3. How to Read the Periodic Table • Vertical columns are called _______ or _______. • These elements have similar but not identical characteristics. • Horizontal rows are called _______. 1. These elements are not alike in properties. The first element in a period is usually an active solid, and the last element in a period is always an active gas. 2. Atomic size decreases from left to right across a period, but atomic mass increases from left to right across a period. • Black letters represent the _______ phase. • Green letters represent the_______ phase. • Red letters represent the _______ phase. • The lanthanoid series and actinoid series are known as _____________ metals.

  4. How to Read the Periodic Table (Labeling All the Parts) 6 C Carbon 12.011

  5. Calculating Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons • Atomic number (Z)=number of protons (p+)=number of electrons (e-) • Mass number (A)=number of protons (p+) and neutrons (n°) • A – Z = # of n° • A = Z + # of n° • A = (# of p+) +(# of n°)

  6. Calculating the Number of Neutrons • Step 1: Identify the atomic number (Z). ↓ Identify the mass number (A). • Step 2: Round off the mass number (A) to the nearest whole number. ↓ • Step 3: Subtract the atomic number (Z) from the mass number (A).

  7. Chemical Elements • _________ are made up entirely of ___ type of atom. • There are ___ naturally occurring elements • Each element has its own symbol consisting of ___, ___, or ___ letters. (ex. hydrogen=H, _______=O, lithium=___, lead=___, _________=Uun, etc.) • Most elements are _______. (ex. C, S, P, Na, Ca, K, etc.) • Some elements are _______. (ex. O, N, Cl, etc.) • Few elements are _______. (ex. Hg, Br, etc.)

  8. Games! Games! Games! Games! The following five links will takes you to some fun websites for some memory games relating to atomic number, mass number, symbols and names, etc. • www.edu4kids.com/chem/ • www.quia.com/custom/786gate.html • www.quia.com/custom/786flas.html • www.quia.com/custom/786conc.html • http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/index.asp

  9. Isotopes • The ____________ (Z) of an element never changes. However, the number of _______ can vary from one atom of the element to the next. • Examples: 1. ordinary hydrogen= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n° 2. deuterium= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n° 3. tritium= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n° • All three forms of hydrogen have the same ___________ (Z) but they each have a different ___________ (A). • Atoms of the same _________ that have the same number of ________ (p+) but different numbers of ________ (n°) are known as _________ of that element. • _________ of an element are represented b adding the number that indicates the ___________ (A) of hat isotope to the ___________. • Examples: 1. Ordinary hydrogen is written ___. 2. Deuterium is written ___. 3. Tritium is written ___.

  10. Radioactive Isotopes • The _______ of some atoms are _______ and will from time to time break down, releasing _______ and/or _______ that we call _______. Atoms that emit radiation are said to be _______. Many elements have at least ___ radioactive _______. All the isotopes of elements with atomic numbers (Z) _______ than ___ are _______. • Practical uses of radioactive isotopes: 1. 2. 3. 4. • Radioactive isotopes must be handled with great _______. • Radiation can _______ or _______ living things.

  11. Chemical Compounds • When _______ combine to form substances consisting of ___ or more different _______, chemical _______ are formed. • The atoms in a chemical compound are combined in _______ proportions. • Chemical compounds are represented by ____________. • Examples of chemical formulas: 1. water = H20 2. table salt = _______ 3. sulfuric acid = _______ 4. carbon dioxide = _______ 5. carbon monoxide = _______ 6. ammonia = _______

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