1 / 15

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle. Global Geography 12. http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/types.html. The Rock Cycle. T he rock cycle refers to the process of rock types changing into other types of rocks . There are three different types of rocks: Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks

alcina
Télécharger la présentation

The Rock Cycle

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Rock Cycle Global Geography 12 http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/types.html

  2. The Rock Cycle • The rock cycle refers to the process of rock types changing into other types of rocks. • There are three different types of rocks: • Igneous rocks • Sedimentary rocks • Metamorphic rocks Rock Cycle Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRaInMDNyE8

  3. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rocks are formed when magma (molten rock) cools and hardens. • Sometimes the magma cools inside the earth; other times it erupts onto the surface from volcanoes. • When lava cools very quickly, no crystals form and the rock looks shiny and glasslike. • Sometimes gas bubbles are trapped in the rock during longer cooling processes, leaving tiny holes and spaces in the rock. • Examples of this rock type include granite, basalt, and obsidian.

  4. Igneous Rocks

  5. Sedimentary Rocks • 70% of all rocks on Earth are sedimentary rocks • Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material. • Gradually, this sediment accumulates in layers and over a long period of time hardens into rock. • Generally, sedimentary rocks are fairly soft and may break apart or crumble easily. • You can often see sand, pebbles, or stones in the rock • It is the rock type that most commonly contains fossils. • Examples include conglomerate and limestone.

  6. Sedimentary Rocks

  7. Metamorphic Rocks • The oldest known rock lies in Canada (NWT). The Acasta gneiss, a metamorphic rock, is 3.96 billion years old. • Metamorphic rocks are formed under the surface of the earth from the change that occurs due to intense heat and pressure. • The rocks that result from these processes often have ribbon-like layers. • They may have shiny crystals on their surface, formed by minerals growing slowly over time. • Examples of this rock type include gneiss and marble.

  8. Metamorphic Rocks Some examples of changes from one rock type into a metamorphic rock type due to high temperatures and pressures include…

  9. Metamorphic Rocks

  10. Digging Through Earth • Scientifically speaking it would be impossible to dig a tunnel through to the other side of the world. • If you attempted to dig a hole to the other side of the Earth, you would be digging through: » More than 12 000 kilometres of solid rock and molten magma» Rock reaching temperatures up to 6000 ºC » Extreme pressures up to 300 million times greater than the pressures we experience on the surface of the Earth!

  11. Digging Through Earth • If you did manage to dig a hole through to the other side of the Earth, how long do you think it would take you if you were digging at a rate of 0.3 meters per minute (1 foot per minute)?

  12. Digging Through Earth • Scientists have calculated the time it would take for you to dig a tunnel through to the other side of the Earth (at a rate of 1 foot per minute) at 87 years. • If you did somehow manage to dig a hole to the other side of the Earth, would you fall through?

  13. Digging Through Earth • Theoretically the answer is NO! • This is because gravity changes as you fall to the Earth’s centre and friction would slow you down. • However, if you ignored gravity and friction altogether, how long do you think it would take you to fall through the tunnel if you jumped in on one end of the Earth?

  14. Digging Through Earth • Scientists think it would take about 42 minutesto fall through the Earth’s tunnel to reach the other side. • If you started digging in Nova Scotia, where do you think you would end up coming out on the other side?

  15. If you started digging a tunnel in Nova Scotia through the centre of the Earth, you would come out to the south of Australia. The Earth is not a perfect sphere. It is slightly flattened at the poles, and bulges a little at the equator due to the Earth’s spin. http://www.livephysics.com/ptools/dig-hole-through-earth.php

More Related