PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER Properties of Matter 8th Grade Science

2. Types of Properties Physical: properties that can be observed without changing the IDENTITY of the matter Chemical: property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance) Biological: properties of that distinguish living from nonliving matter (growing, moving, reproduce, breathing, responding)

3. Physical Change • A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. • Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice melting or sugar dissolving • Physical changes are easy to undo.

4. Chemical Change • A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties. • You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur! • Examples of chem. changes: baking a cake rusting

5. Important Temperatures Melting Point: The temperature when a solid becomes a liquid. Boiling Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a gas. Freezing Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a solid. Condensation Point: The temperature when a gas becomes a liquid.

6. Brittleness Definition: • The ability to break or shatter easily Example:

7. Clarity Definition: • The ability for light to pass through matter • Transparent: all light passes through • Translucent: some light passes through • Opaque: no light passes through

8. Color - way an object reflects or emits light

9. Density Definition: • Degree of Compactness • Mass per unit volume Example: • D=M/V • g/l, g/ml, or g/cm3 • Lead is used for fishing weights because it is more dense than water

10. Ductility Definition: • The ability to be drawn into thin wires Example: • Copper is used to make wires

11. Form Definition: • The structure in the matter • Regular: patterned, cellular, crystalline • Irregular – no pattern

12. Hardness Definition: • The ability to resist scratching The Mohs Hardness Scale: 1 talc 2 gypsum 3 calcite 4 fluorite 5 apatite 6 orthoclase 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond

13. Luster Definition: • The ability to reflect light • Shiny: more reflection • Dull: less reflection

14. Magnetism - ability to attract

15. Malleability Definition: • The ability to be pounded into thin sheets Example: • Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil

16. Mass Definition: • The amount of matter Example: • Triple beam balance to measure • Measured in gram units

17. Odor Definition: • The smell or non smell of matter • Odorless, flowery, spicy, nauseating, sweet

18. Solubility Definition: • The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance Example: • Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee

19. State Definition: • The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma • Ice = Solid • Water = Liquid • Helium = Gas • Lightning = Plasma

20. Texture Definition: • Describing the surface of the matter Examples of textures: • Rough - • Smooth - • Sharp - • Soft - • Hard - • Bumpy -

21. Thermal Conductivity Definition: • The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else Example: • Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands

22. Electrical Conductivity Definition: • The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow) Example: • Metals and non metals • Conductors – good conductivity • Insulators – no conductivity

23. Viscosity Definition: • The ability for matter to flow Example: • Viscous and non- viscous • Syrup, oil, water all have different viscosities (ml/s)

24. Volume Definition: • how much space matter takes up Example: • Irregular objects: Water displacement • Regular objects use measurement • Liters or m3 • 1ml = 1cm3